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THE HISTORY OF GINGERBREAD
At the end of the 11th century, the Crusaders returned to Europe from the Middle East with ginger and other spices. Prior to the 15th century, “gingerbread” referred to preserved ginger. It began to be used to flavor cakes and cookies. Monks baked the first gingerbread cookies for holidays and festivals, which are called Lebkuchen in German. Then, the German Lebkuchen Guild† took over.
The spice ginger, which is zingebar in Latin, became gingerbras in Old French, gingerbread in Medieval English and Ingwer in German.
Why is it called ginger “bread” in English?
The meaning of gingerbread has evolved over time. Originally, the term gingerbread (from Latin zingiber via Old French gingebras) referred to preserved ginger. It then referred to a confection made with honey and spices.
For centuries, the word was used to describe a traditional European pastry, closer to a cookie [source].
Gingerbread cookies were made year-round in a proliferation of shapes—flowers, hearts, trees, and so forth in different sizes. The medieval German Lebkuchen Guild transformed gingerbread into a highly-decorated art, crafting the fancy shapes and decorating them with sugar and gold.
But gingerbread men originated elsewhere. The credit goes to Queen Elizabeth I—or more precisely, an unnamed palace baker who toiled during her reign (1558 to 1603). Her Majesty bestowed “portrait” gingerbread cookies upon important court visitors, decorated in their likenesses.
Who Invented Gingerbread Houses?
According to a reference in FoodTimeline.org, the tradition of baking gingerbread houses began in Germany after the Brothers Grimm published their collection of fairy tales in 1812.
Life imitates art: Inspired by the story of Hansel and Gretel, who nibbled at the witch’s candy-covered gingerbread house (and inspired our name, The Nibble), German bakers created miniature houses from the already popular lebkuchen (gingerbread). Artists were employed to decorate the houses, which became particularly popular during Christmas.
“Hansel and Gretel” vastly increased the popularity of gingerbread cookies and other treats. Gingerbread men and animals became popular Christmas tree ornaments.
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