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For Caramel Corn Day: Caramel Corn Recipe Without Corn Syrup

 
We don’t use corn syrup in our cooking or baking, so on National Caramel Corn Day, April 6th, we make a recipe that requires none. Instead, the corn is made with real caramel sauce.

If you feel like popping along with us, below you’ll find:

> The caramel corn recipe without corn syrup.

> Why do most recipes include corn syrup?

> The difference between popping corn and sweet (table) corn.

Elsewhere on The Nibble, dig into:

> The history of caramel corn.

> The history of popcorn.

> The history of corn.

> The year’s 13 popcorn holidays.

> More popcorn recipes.

There are two types of caramel corn:

While “caramel” is often used as a catch-all term, the richness and depth of the real caramel sauce used in this recipe come from the emulsion of fats and sugars. Commercial “caramel corn” is typically made with a simple sugar-and-oil glaze.

  • Homemade caramel corn recipes often use real, butter-based caramel, as does the recipe below. It produces a thick, opaque coating. The fat in the butter prevents the sugar from forming a perfectly clear, hard “glass” shell that is familiar in commercial products.
  • Store-bought caramel corn typically uses a sugar glaze rather than a buttery, rich coating. With store-bought, the sugar is added directly to the popping vessel or during a high-heat glazing process to create a thin, glass-like layer of caramelized sugar from corn syrup and soy lecithin, that is crisp and brittle. Commercial “glazed” popcorns often use.
  •  
    Caramel Corn With Mix-Ins
    [7] We like to serve a bowl of plain caramel corn with separate mix-ins, so people can customize their own. The photo shows chocolate chunks, peanuts, and pecans, but you can offer anything from bacon or dried cherries or cranberries to M&Ms and toffee bits (Abacus Photo).
     
     
    RECIPE: CARAMEL CORN WITHOUT CORN SYRUP

    For a salted caramel version, increase the salt to 1 teaspoon and add a light sprinkle of flaky sea salt over the top just before baking.
     
    Ingredients For 8 Servings

  • 1 cup unsalted butter, softened
  • 1 cup brown sugar, firmly packed
  • 1/2 teaspoon salt
  • 8 cups popped popcorn
  • Optional: 1 cups pecan halves, salted/honey roasted peanuts, or a mix (photo #7, above)
  •  
    Preparation

    1. PREHEAT the oven to 250°F. Lightly grease a large roasting pan or oven-safe bowl.

    2. MAKE the caramel: Beat the softened butter, brown sugar, and salt until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes. The mixture should be smooth and creamy.

    3. COMBINE the popcorn and caramel: Remove any unpopped kernels before coating. Place the popped popcorn and optional 1 cups pecan halves in the pan. Drop spoonfuls of the caramel mixture over the popcorn and toss gently but thoroughly, to coat as evenly as possible. Tip: We grease our hands with butter to hand-toss.)

    4. BAKE AND STIR. Bake at 250°F for 55 minutes, removing the pan every 15 minutes to stir and redistribute the caramel coating. This low-and-slow method ensures even coating and proper crisping without burning.

    5. COOL. Spread the finished caramel corn onto a sheet of parchment paper in a single layer and allow to cool completely, about 25 minutes. The caramel will crisp up as it cools.

    6. BREAK into clusters and serve. You can serve the optional mix-ins (photo #7) and let people customize their corn. Store in an airtight container for up to one week.
     
    Tip

  • Use freshly popped popcorn for the best texture. Old popcorn will turn out chewy rather than crispy, and when popcorn has a lot of unpopped kernels, it’s often because the kernels have dried out too much.
  •  
     
    WHY DO MOST CARAMEL CORN RECIPES USE CORN SYRUP?

    Corn syrup (photo #6) is a functional ingredient that prevents crystallization.

  • When sugar is cooked at high temperatures, it has a tendency to recrystallize—i.e., the dissolved sugar molecules can suddenly bond back together and turn grainy or sandy.
  • Corn syrup, being a different type of sugar (glucose rather than sucrose), interferes with that crystallization process and keeps the caramel smooth and glossy.
  •  
    When making caramel corn, specifically, it enables a:

  • Smoother, more even coating, enabling the caramel to adhere to the popcorn more uniformly.
  • Crispier texture, helping the caramel set to a harder, glassier finish.
  • Longer shelf life, keeping the caramel corn crisper longer by resisting moisture absorption.
  •  
    But it doesn’t impact the flavor, so we’re more than happy to use only brown sugar and butter in our recipe instead of brown sugar and corn syrup.

    Brown sugar contains molasses in it, which has some natural resistance to recrystallization. Combined with butter and a low-and-slow baking method, we achieve a very satisfying result.

    It may be slightly softer and less glassy than a corn syrup version, but we don’t notice.

     

    A Bowl Of Caramel Corn
    [1] Treat yourself to some homemade caramel corn made with real caramel (photos #1 and #2 © National Popcorn Board).

    Pouring Caramel On Popcorn
    [2] It’s as easy as pouring caramel sauce over popcorn.

    A Bowl Of Bacon Caramel Corn
    [3] How about mixing in chopped bacon (photo © Evan Dempsey | THE NIBBLE)?

    Caramel Popcorn Fudge
    [4] Here’s a fun recipe: triple caramel fudge with dulce de leche, caramel candies, and caramel corn (photo © Betty Crocker).

    A  Bowl Of Caramel Corn Ice Cream
    [5] In January 2014, Baskin Robbins’ Flavor of the Month was Movie Theater Popcorn: popcorn-flavored ice cream, butter popcorn crisp pieces, and a salty caramel ribbon. Make your own version with your ice cream flavor of choice topped with caramel sauce and garnished with caramel popcorn (photo © Baskin-Robbins).

    Bottle Of Karo Corn Syrup
    [6] Nice for popcorn balls, but not for our caramel corn (Abacus Photo)!

     
     
    THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POPCORN AND SWEET CORN

    What’s the difference between the corn kernels we eat (sweet corn, a.k.a. table corn), and the kernels we pop?

    They are actually quite different varieties of corn:

    Corn (Zea mays) has several distinct varieties:

  • Dent Corn/Field Corn (Zea mays var. indentata): Harvested mature and dry, and used for livestock feed, ethanol, and processed foods like corn chips, hominy, masa (for tortillas), and corn oil.
  • Flint Corn/Calico Corn (Zea mays var. indurata): Hard-kernel corn used for foods like polenta and as decorative Indian corn, livestock feed, and industrial applications.
  • Flour Corn (Zea mays var. amylacea): A soft, starchy corn used to make cornmeal.
  • Popcorn (Zea mays var. everta): A type of flint corn with a hard shell and high moisture content.
  • Sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata or rugosa): Table corn, i.e. the corn we eat (kernels, on the cob, corn syrup), as well as non-food uses (see *footnote).
  •  
    Popcorn Vs. Sweet Corn Chart
    [8] Popcorn and sweet corn are quite different subspecies (Abacus Chart).
     
    ________________
     
    *Sweet corn’s high sugar content makes it primarily a human food crop compared to starchy field corn. Beyond human consumption, it’s used for livestock fodder (corn cobs, stalks, and leftover kernels), cosmetics (corn syrup is used in toothpaste and mouthwash), medicine (husks and corn silk are sometimes used in traditional medicine to treat issues such as bladder irritation), industrial applications (the starch is used in adhesives and bio-plastic), and in some cases, biofuels (while field corn is the primary source, the sugars in sweet corn can be used for ethanol production).
     

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    It’s National Something On A Stick Day. Here’s What To Eat!

    Beef & Chicken Yakitori Shewers
    [1] The classic: Japanese yakitori, a cousin to Middle Eastern kebabs (Abacus Photo).

    Pizza On A Stick
    [2] The new: pizza on a stick. Here’s the recipe (photo © The Cookie Rookie).

    Mini PB&J Sandwiches On A Skewers
    [3] PB&J on a stick. Here’s the recipe (photo © Taste Of Home).

    Tornado Potatoes (On A Stick)
    [4] Tornado potatoes (a.k.a. Chip Sticks, Potato Springs, Potato Twisters, Ribbon Fries, Rotato, Spiral Spuds, Twisted Taters, and who knows what else) are always fun, and you can make them at home. Here’s the recipe (photo © Grumpy Recipes).

    Hot Dog On A Stick
    [5] Hot Dogs In A Sweater. Here’s the recipe (photo © Taste Of Home).

     

    March 28th is one of the quirkier food holidays: National Something On A Stick Day.

    From before written history, meat on sticks (no plates and cutlery in those days) to the accidental invention of the Popsicle in at the beginning of the 20th century…

    …to cheesecake on a stick, deep-fried candy bars on a stick, ravioli on a stick, and everything else on a stick, humans have been eating food from strips of wood.

    In fact, there’s even a second holiday to celebrate food on a stick: July 11, National State Fair Food Day.

    In case you can’t decide what, exactly, you want on your stick, here are some suggestions.

    Elsewhere on The Nibble:

    > 10 more on-a-stick ideas, including macarons on a stick!
     
     
    SOMETHING SAVORY ON A STICK

  • Antipasto Skewers: Cubes of cheese and deli meats with olives and pickle chunks.
  • Corn Dogs: A hot dog (no roll) dipped in cornmeal batter and deep-fried (photo #6).
  • Kebabs & Skewers: Anything from Middle Eastern shish kebabs and Japanese yakitori (grilled chicken—photo #1) to Southeast Asian satay (marinated meat with peanut sauce). Or just skewer shrimp, cherry tomatoes, and zucchini chunks (maybe some pineapple, too).
  • Hot Dogs: Skewered and wrapped in biscuit dough, sometimes called Dogs In Sweaters (photo #5). Take that, Pigs In Blankets!
  • Pasta Skewers: Tortellini with mozzarella cubes, marinara dip, and optional shrimp or chicken.
  • Pizza Rolls: Rolled up pizza on a stick (photo #2).
  • Tornado Fries: A spiral-cut potato on a long skewer (photo #4).
  •  
    A Platter Of Corn Dogs
    [6] The classic: corn dogs. These are made in an air fryer! Here’s the recipe (photo © Taste Of Home).
     
     
    SOMETHING SWEET ON A STICK

  • Candy & Caramel Apples: One of our favorite things on a stick, especially when rolled in toffee bits or nuts.
  • Cake Pops: Bite-sized balls of cake mixed with frosting and dipped in a candy coating, pleasing people since 2008.
  • Fruit Kebabs: The healthiest food on a stick, a skewer of grapes, melons, pineapple, and strawberries.
  • Ice Pops & Ice Cream Bars: From simple fruit juice pops to chocolate-coated ice cream bars studded with garnishes. A shout-out to our favorites from Magnum.
  • Marshmallows: Stack them on a stick, toast them (a candle at the table works), and serve with chocolate dip and graham cracker crumbs, for s’mores on a stick.
  • Waffle Pops: Waffles on a stick inside, dipped in melted chocolate (photo #7, below).
  •  
    Waffles On A Stick
    [7] Waffles on a stick are a breeze to make. Here’s the recipe (photo © Food 52)..
     
     
    NOUVELLE-ON-A-STICK

  • Breakfast on a Stick: Waffle cubes, sausage chunks, pineapple chunks.
  • Fried Pickles: Popular at state fairs, you can add olives, hot dog chunks, sweet gherkins, whatever.
  • Peanut Butter & Jelly Sandwiches: Small, crustless sandwich squares or other favorite sando on a stick (photo #8, below).
  • Anything: The only limit is your creativity.
  •  
    Mini Peanut Butter & Jelly Sandwiches On A Stick
    [8] Who said you can’t eat PB&J from a stick? Here’s the recipe (Abacus Photo).
     

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    The Top 10 Whiskey Cocktails For International Whiskey Day

     
    It’s International Cocktail Day, and you know what that means: Happy Hour!

    We list the top 10 whiskey cocktails below. Try one that you haven’t had before.

    Below:

    > The 10 top whiskey cocktails, ingredients, plus links to the history of each.

    > Up, down, neat, on the rocks: how your drink is served.

    Elsewhere on The Nibble:

    > A brief history of whiskey, styles of whiskey, and why it’s spelled whiskey or whisky.

    > The history of cocktails.

    > The history of Happy Hour.

    > Whiskey Glossary: terms and definitions for Bourbon, Scotch, Irish Whiskey, and more.

    > The year’s 25+ whiskey holidays.
     
     
    THE TOP 10 WHISKEY COCKTAILS

    While “top” lists can be subjective, these ten are widely considered to be the classic cocktails that every whiskey lover should try.

    If you’re new to cocktails, some terminology:

  • “Up” = chilled in a shaker, strained into stemmed glass. The term used to be “straight up,” but this term now has a different meaning. See the section below.
  • “Neat” = room temperature, no ice, in a rocks glass.
  • “On the Rocks” = chilled in a shaker with ice, strained over ice.
  • Rocks glass = lowball glass or Old Fashioned glass.
  • Expressed = the technique of twisting a citrus peel (lemon, orange, grapefruit) over a drink to release its aromatic oils onto the surface.*
  • Highball glass = tall glass with a volume of 8–12 ounces. It’s used for a Bloody Mary, Gin & Tonic, Dark ‘n’ Stormy, Paloma, Rum & Coke, and Whiskey Soda.
  • Collins glass = a tall glass of 10–14 ounces in volume. Taller and narrower than a highball glass, it’s used for a Tom Collins, of course, and also a Gin Fizz, Harvey Wallbanger, Long Island Iced Tea, Mojito, and Spiked Arnold Palmer.
  • Here’s a discussion of the difference between the two glasses.
  •  
    And now, the cocktails.

    If some of these cocktails are new to you—as they were to us—it’s because your “cocktail culture” days ended with the new millennium. The others have been around since the 19th and 20th centuries.
     
    Old Fashioned. It’s the “original” cocktail, dating back to the early 19th century. Ingredients: Bourbon or Rye, sugar or simple syrup, Angostura bitters. Garnish: orange peel.

    Served: in a chilled rocks glass (a.k.a. an Old Fashioned glass, photo #1).

    > Old Fashioned cocktail history.
     
     
    Manhattan. The sophisticated cousin of the Old Fashioned. Ingredients: Rye whiskey (which has a spicier flavor profile to stand up to the sweetness of the vermouth, red vermouth, and Angostura bitters. Garnish: a Maraschino cherry.

    Served: straight up in a coupe or Martini glass, or on the rocks in a rocks glass (photo #2).

    > Manhattan cocktail history.
     
     
    Whiskey Sour. A balance of bite, tart, and sweet. Traditional versions include an egg white for a silky, frothy texture. Ingredients: Bourbon, fresh lemon juice, simple syrup, and optional egg white. Garnish: a maraschino cherry and/or a slice of orange, sometimes speared together as a “cherry flag.

    Served: in a rocks glass over ice or a chilled coupe glass (photo #3).

    > Whiskey Sour Cocktail History.
     
     
    Sazerac. The official cocktail of New Orleans, and one of the oldest cocktails in America, it’s famous for its complex layers of anise and spice. Ingredients: Rye whiskey (some recipes substitute Cognac), Peychaud’s bitters, a sugar cube, and an Absinthe rinse in the glass. Garnish: a lemon peel or twist is expressed over the drink to release its oils and then often discarded.

    Served: straight up in an absinthe-rinsed, chilled rocks glass (photo #4).

    > Sazerac cocktail history.
     
     
    Mint Julep. The official drink of the Kentucky Derby. Ingredients: Bourbon, muddled fresh mint leaves, sugar or simple syrup. Often made with high-proof bourbon to counter the rapid dilution from the crushed ice. Garnish: mint leaves.

    Served: in a silver or pewter mug over a mound of crushed ice to keep it extra cold (photo #5).

    > Mint Julep cocktail history.
     
     
    Boulevardier. Essentially a Negroni made with whiskey instead of gin. Ingredients: Bourbon or Rye, Campari, and sweet red vermouth. The richness of Bourbon creates a heavier, warmer drink, compared to the botanical crispness of gin. Garnish: orange twist or peel, often expressed over the drink.

    Served: stirred, not shaken, either straight up in a chilled coupe glass or on the rocks in a rocks glass, frequently over a single large ice cube (photo #6).

    > Boulevardier cocktail history.
     
     
    Penicillin. A modern classic (created in 2005) that has a “medicinal” but delicious flavor profile. Ingredients: Blended Scotch, honey-ginger syrup, fresh lemon juice, and a float of smoky Islay Scotch on top. Garnish: candied ginger or crystallized ginger on a pick.

    Served: in rocks glass over ice (photo #9, below).

    > Penicillin cocktail history.

    Penicillin Cocktail
    [9] Penicillin cocktail (photo © Diageo Bar Academy).
     
     
    Rob Roy. The Scotch version of a Manhattan. Using Scotch instead of Rye or Bourbon produces a maltier, sometimes peatier profile. Ingredients: Scotch whiskey, sweet red vermouth, and Angostura bitters. Garnish: one or two maraschino or brandied cherries.

    Served: stirred, not shaken, straight up in a coupe or Martini glass (photo #8).

    > Rob Roy cocktail history.
     
     
    Irish Coffee. The most famous hot cocktail. Ingredients: Irish whiskey, hot coffee, brown sugar, and a layer of unsweetened, hand-whipped heavy cream. Garnish: freshly-grated nutmeg.

    Served: in a pre-warmed, stemmed (often tulip-shaped), heatproof glass (photo #7).

    > Irish Coffee cocktail history.

     

     

    Old Fashioned Cocktail
    [1] Old Fashioned cocktail (photo © Adam Jaime | Unspash).

    Manhattan Cocktail
    [2] Manhattan cocktail (photo © Tommy Bahama).

    Whiskey Sour Recipe For National Bourbon Day
    [3] Whiskey Sour cocktail (photo © The Mercury Atlanta).

    Sazerac Rye Cocktail
    [4] Sazerac cocktail (photo © Old Forester.

    Pear Mint Julep Recipes
    [5] Mint Julep (photo © Ruth’s Chris Steak House).

    Boulevardier Cocktail
    [6] Boulevardier cocktail (photo © Kitchen Swagger).

    Handled Irish Coffee Glass
    [7] Irish Coffee cocktail (photo © Libbey).

    Rob Roy Cocktail
    [8] Rob Roy cocktail (photo © Tim Nusog | Food & |Wine).

     
    Paper Plane. A modern classic (created in 2008) that’s an “equal parts” drink, easy to remember and very balanced. Ingredients: Bourbon, Aperol, Amaro Nonino, and fresh lemon juice. Garnish: lemon twist or a small paper airplane.

    Served: shaken and served “up” (chilled without ice) in a coupe or cocktail glass.

    > Paper Plane cocktail history.
     
    Paper Plane Cocktail
    [10] Paper Plane cocktail (photo © Liquor.com).
     
     
    THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN “UP” AND “STRAIGHT UP

    In our student bartending days, a drink strained into a glass with no ice was called “straight up.” The term is still used, but its meaning has become a major source of confusion and debate in the bar world.

    In modern mixology, the terms have diverged to mean two different things, and modern bartenders have shifted toward, “up” in order to be more precise and avoid mistakes.

    Here’s why the terminology has shifted.
     
     
    The “Up” vs. “Straight Up” Confusion

    Up means that the drink is shaken or stirred with ice to chill it, then strained into a glass (usually a coupe or Martini glass) and served without ice.

    Straight usually means a spirit served at room temperature, poured directly from the bottle into a glass with no ice and no mixing (essentially, “neat”).

    Because “straight up” combines both words, it creates a linguistic problem. If a customer orders a “Bourbon, straight up,” one bartender might hear “up” (chilled and strained) while another might hear “straight” (room temperature and neat).

    To avoid serving the wrong drink, many professionals have dropped “straight” and now use only “up.”
     
     
    2. The “Neat” Factor

    The rise of the word “neat” has also pushed “straight up” out of favor. In the past, “straight” and “neat” were often used interchangeably. Today, “neat” is the term to order a room-temperature spirit.

    By using “up”” for chilled/strained and “neat” for room-temp/unmixed, the term “straight up” became a middle ground that caused more problems than it solved.
     
     
    3. Regional and Generational Differences

    Yet, the term “straight up” is still very much alive in casual bars, older establishments, and pop culture. If you walk into a neighborhood tavern and order a “Martini, straight up,” the bartender will almost certainly know you want it chilled and strained into a stemmed glass.

    However, in high-end craft cocktail bars, you will almost exclusively hear “up.” Bartenders there are trained to use “up” to distinguish it from “down” (a chilled drink served in a rocks glass without ice, like a Sazerac).

    While “straight up” isn’t wrong, it has become a bit of an old school phrase that modern bartenders are slowly phasing out in favor of the more clear “up.”
     
     
    4. The “Straight” vs. “Up” Rules of Thumb

    If you want to ensure you get exactly what you want regardless of the bar, use:

  • “Up” = chilled, no ice, stemmed glass. When you order a drink “up,” the bartender will serve it in a stemmed glass. The “up” refers to the drink being elevated away from the table and your hand.
  • Examples: A classic Martini, Manhattan, or Sidecar. Glassware: Martini glass, coupe, or Nick & Nora.
  • “Neat” = room temperature, no ice, rocks glass.
  • “On the Rocks” = chilled, rocks glass, served over ice.
  • The original Martini was served in a stemmed glass, but many fans prefer theirs on the rocks because it stays colder for longer, even if it dilutes faster.
  • “Down” = rocks glass, no ice, served in a flat-bottomed rocks glass.
  • ink that is chilled and strained (like a Martini) but you want it served in a flat-bottomed rocks glass without ice.

  • A Sazerac is a classic “down” drink. It’s chilled and stirred with ice, but then strained into a chilled rocks/Old Fashioned glass with no ice cubes.
  •  
    Some very casual bars or high-volume spots (like a busy nightclub or a dive bar) may serve everything in a rocks glass simply because they don’t want to deal with the breakage or storage of stemmed glasses. In those cases, “up” just means ““chilled and strained,” regardless of the glass.
     
    Scotch On The Rocks With A Twist
    [11] Scotch on the rocks with a twist (photo © Adam Jaime | Unsplash) .
     
    ________________

    *Why is a citrus peel expressed (twisted) over a cocktail? This action sprays a fine mist of essential oils from the peel’s skin (the flavedo), creating a powerful aromatic experience that boosts scent, alters perception of flavor, and balances bitterness.
     
    The Boulevardier is a 1920s Prohibition-era cocktail created in Paris by American expat Erskine Gwynne, a writer who named it after his literary magazine, The Boulevardier, a monthly magazine for American expats in Paris that he published from 1927 to 1932. Harry McElhone, of Harry’s New York Bar, popularized it in his 1927 book, “Barflies & Cocktails.” The drink is a whiskey-based variation of the Negroni, traditionally using bourbon, Campari, and sweet vermouth. While the Negroni remained popular, the Boulevardier faded into obscurity for many decades. It was rediscovered in the 2000s, driven by the craft cocktail renaissance, and is now recognized as a modern classic. While the 1:1:1 ratio is classic, some modern bartenders use a higher ratio of bourbon to balance the bitterness of the Campari, often preferring 3:2:2 or 2:1:1 ratio.
     
    The Rob Roy, created in 1894 at New York City’s Waldorf Astoria hotel, is essentially a Scotch-based Manhattan. It was developed by bartender Charles McPherson to promote an operetta about the Scottish hero Robert Roy MacGregor, and it became an instant hit. It remained a staple in New York hotel bars until Prohibition began in 1919.
     
    ††Paper Plane, created in 2008 by bartender Sam Ross at the popular Milk & Honey bar in New York City, is a modern cocktail classic. Inspired by M.I.A.’s song Paper Planes, it was developed by Sam Ross and Sasha Petraske at the Milk & Honey bar in New York City, as a favor for a former colleague, Toby Maloney, who wanted a summer drink to serve at his Chicago bar, The Violet Hour. It’s a twist on the Last Word word cocktail, featuring equal parts bourbon, Amaro Nonino, Aperol, and lemon juice.
     
    The Penicillin cocktail was created in 2005 at the Milk & Honey bar in New York City, by an Australian, bartender Sam Ross. A riff on the Bourbon-based Gold Rush cocktail, it was named tongue-in-cheek for its medicinal, “cure-all” properties. It became an instant classic in the 21st-century cocktail revival.
     

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    Yummy Beet Chips & Dips Recipes For National Chip & Dip Day

    A Bowl Of Beet Chips & Dip
    [1] We love these beet chips any day, with a glass of wine, a beer, or a Martini, dirty or otherwise (photo and recipe © Gelson’s).

    Multicolored Beets: Red, Yellow, Orange, Striped
    [2] You can use any color of beets. We find the orange and white ones at farmers’ markets (photo © Edible Madison).

    A Bunch Of Orange Beets
    [3] How about a mix of red and orange beets (photo © Good Eggs).

    Beet Hummus
    [4] You don’t need beet chips to enjoy beet hummus. Here’s the recipe (photo © California Olive Ranch).

    Terra Chips With Wine
    [5] Terra Chips were our first experience with gourmet veggie chips, way back in 1990 (photo River Soma | The Nibble).

    A Bag & Loose Terra Chips
    [6] Today, Terra Chips are made in 16 flavors†, plus seasonal editions (photo © Good Eggs | Abacus).

    Beet Chips With Mastrad Chip Maker
    [7] We’ve made chips in the microwave for years with our trusty Mastrad Chips Maker and Slicer Set (photo © Mastrad | Abacus).

     

    How about something different for National Chip & Dip Day, March 23rd? We’re having beet chips with two different dips.

    Thin-cut beets bake up delicate and crunchy, with an intense, earthy beet flavor that’s wonderful with rosemary and sea salt.

    The chips feel fancier than store-bought veggie chips, and they’re simply delicious with wine, beer, or a Martini (dirty or otherwise).

    Our tips: The beet chips are best when they’ve had a chance to crisp up, so time them to come out of the oven a few minutes before you want to eat them. For accompaniments, something like a light chive or dill dip wouldbe great. The chips would also be good as part of an ensemble that includes fresh veggies and hummus.

    If you have a dehydrator, so much the better; or buy this affordable microwave version (photo #7)—we recommend buying an extra tray).

    Below:

    > The recipe for beet chips.

    > Three dips to pair with them.

    > The history of vegetable chips.

    Elsewhere on The Nibble:

    > Beet hummus recipe (photo #4).

    > The history of beets.

    > Exotic beets.

    > The history of potato chips (ancestor of vegetable chips).

    > The year’s 90+ snack holidays.

    > The year’s 95+ vegetable holidays.
     
     
    RECIPE: BEET CHIPS WITH SEA SALT & ROSEMARY

    If you have a mandoline, now’s the time to get it out.

    The red beets make dazzling chips, but we made a second batch with yellow beets and mixed them together. Gorgeous!
     
    Ingredients

  • 6 medium red beets, sliced thin
  • 1 teaspoon kosher salt
  • 6 sprigs rosemary
  • 2 teaspoons olive oil
  • Garnish: flaky sea salt to taste
  •  
    Preparation

    1. PREHEAT the oven to 300°and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.

    2. TOSS the beets with kosher salt, rosemary sprigs, and olive oil and let them sit for 15 minutes. The beets will sweat a bit. Drain them and remove the rosemary.

    3. TOSS the beets with sea salt and transfer them to the baking sheet, laying the beet slices out in a single layer.

    4. BAKE for 45 minutes, and then check: The chips should be dark red and curled on the edges. If not, bake them for another 15 minutes or longer if necessary.

    5. TRANSFER to a cooling rack to crisp up, and then serve immediately. Tip: Use a white platter so the color pops.
     
     
    DIPS FOR BEET CHIPS

    Beet chips have an earthy, concentrated sweetness and are thicker than potato chips, so they can handle a much thicker, bolder dip.

    Whipped Feta Dip With Lemon and Hot Honey

    The salty tangy of the feta sets of the sugar in the beets.

  • Pulse feta, a spoonful of Greek yogurt, lemon zest, and a clove of garlic in a food processor until smooth.
  • Drizzle with hot honey and a sprinkle of crushed pistachios.
  • See an alternative recipe in the ‡‡footnote below.
  •  
    Horseradish & Chive Crème Fraîche Dip

    Beet and horseradish are a classic Eastern European pairing. Balance the earthiness of beets with this high-acid creamy dip.

  • Fold prepared horseradish to taste into crème fraîche or sour cream. Blend is as many minced chives as you like.
  • Optionally, add some lemon zest.
  • Note that the color of prepared horseradish is naturally beige. It’s also available blended with beets. So if you need an all-red/purple theme, use the latter.
  •  
    Smokey White Bean Hummus

    This vegan dip is hearty and protein-packed from the beans. Beans make a smoother dip than conventional chickpea-based hummus.

  • Blend canned cannellini beans with tahini, lemon juice, and a teaspoon of smoked paprika.
  • Garnish with a drizzle of EVOO, a few whole beans, and a pinch of minced parsley or another herb.
  •  
     
    THE HISTORY OF “OTHER” VEGETABLE CHIPS

    Going back millennia, the dehydration and frying of sliced vegetables was a long-standing cooking technique. In the mid-19th century, what we call thinly sliced, crunch fried potatoes got commercialized as “chips.”

    Potato chips were invented by accident in a contretemps at a resort in Saratoga, New York in 1853.

    In fact, the situation soon‡ led to the use of the word “chip” for the potato chips we know today:

    Because the potatoes were “chipped,” i.e., sliced‡, “Saratoga Chips” became a well-known, became sold to the many summer tourists, and the word “chip” shifted to describe crunchy, paper-thin snacks.

    (In the U.K. the same snacks are called crisps.))

    The first print mention of “potato-chip” appeared in print in the U.S. by 1854. By 1858, the “crispy delicacy” appeared in recipe books.

    After 75 years, the generic “potato chips” eased the name “Saratoga Chips” out of the way.
     
    The 1970s Home Dehydrators

    Certainly, home cooks who like to deep-fry created their own chips. But home chip-making got a boost in the 1970s when home dehydrators came onto the market.

    Health-oriented people began to make their own apple chips, fruit leathers, jerky, and veggie chips (today, beet, kale, parsnip, sweet potato, and zucchini chips are staples).

    In the early 1990s, the famed infomercial entrepreneur Ron Popeil released the Ronco Electric Food Dehydrator. “Set It and Forget It!” was the tag line.

    This made dehydrators affordable and accessible to the average household. Around the same time, consumers who had known no thing about jerky beyond Slim Jim realized there was tender, quality jerky to be made at home. Ronco was there to help feed their need for beef snacks.
     

     
    Vegetable Chips As A Commercial Snack

    In the late 20th century, what consumers mean by “vegetable chips”—beet, carrot, parsnip, sweet potato, taro mixes—became widely available as a packaged snack.
     
    In the 1980s, two New York City chefs/caterers—Dana Sinkler and Alex Dzieduszycki—created a mix of multicolored root vegetable chips for their events. They were served with cocktails at parties, and the buzz grew.

    A big retail order from Saks Fifth Avenue pushed them to focus on chips full-time. They launched Terra Chips in 1990 (photos #5 and #6).

    Bags of Terra’s Real Vegetable Chips flew off the shelves. The duo gave up catering and focused on Terra Chips full-time*.

    The brand quickly expanded into mainstream grocers and health food stores.

    Prior to then there were niche/regional products and imported snacks—largely available at small natural food stores—but Terra Chips had a major hand in popularizing the category.

    There are now some 16 different flavors of Terra Chips—including Beets & Sweets—plus seasonal flavors.

    Given America’s thirst (pun intended) for crunchy, salty snacks, there may be no end in sight!

    The article continues below with new ways to use veggie chips.
     
    Mixed Salad With Vegetable Chip Croutons
    [8] Veggie chips brighten up a salad beyond the beige of bread croutons (Gemini Photo).
     
    Beyond Snack Chips

    Chefs and home cooks are already using veggie chips as bases for tartare or ceviche canapés, and for a twist on nachos (because beet, carrot, parsnip, and taro have higher fiber than corn chips, they don’t get soggy as quickly under the toppings).

    Because vegetable chips—especially those made from beets, carrots, and parsnips—retain their cellular structure and concentrated sugars better than potatoes do, they are being utilized as versatile building blocks in the kitchen. They’re also gluten free.

    Use them for:

  • “Croutons” for soups and salads. Instead of bread, thick-cut dehydrated root vegetable chips provide more flavor and snap.
  • Tastier, more colorful gluten-free breading. Pulse beet or carrot chips into a coarse meal as breading for chicken or fish. Unlike breadcrumbs, a dried vegetable coating deepens in color and caramelizes, adding a natural sweetness.
  • Colorful, more tasty crust for savory pies, tarts, quiches. Ditto.
  • Colorful pasta. Instead of beet or spinach purée, which add moisture to the dough, finely-ground, colorful chips (likewise made from beet or spinach), ground into a powder and folded into fresh pasta dough, provide intense color and earthy flavor.
  • Fondue dippers. In addition to cheese fondue, dip beet chips in chocolate fondue with a sprinkle of sea salt.
  • Cocktail rimmers. Pulverized carrot chips carrot chips, mix in some heat (cayenne, chili powder), and rim a a Bloody Mary, Martini, or tequila drink.
  •  
    Get Creative!

    Beet Appetizer & Cocktail
    [9] New uses for beet and other veggie chips: as a horseradish dip” (recipe in the ‡‡footnote and as a cocktail rimmer for a Beet Gimlet (Gemini Photo).
     
    ________________
     
    *After selling the Terra Chips to Hain Celestial Group in the late 1990s, Alex Dzieduszycki founded Alexian, a gourmet foods brand known for pâtés, mousses, terrines, and related charcuterie-style products.

    **An amuse-bouche is an hors d’oeuvre served at the table at the start of a meal, to “awaken the palate.” It means “mouth-amuser” in French, and it’s something unanticipated. While the provenance of fine restaurant chefs, we enjoy it so much that we now serve them at home. The concept originated during the Nouvelle Cuisine movement in France in the 1960s and 1970s. It was popularized by a small circle of legendary French chefs: Paul Bocuse, Michel Guérard, and the Troisgros brothers, Jean and Pierre.

    The Terra Chips line as of this writing includes Original plus Blues, Classic, Exotic Potato, Heritage Blend, Mediterranean Plantains, Salt & Vinegar, Screamin’ Hot, Sour Cream & Onion, Sweet Plantains, Sweet Potato, Sweet Potato Crinkle Cut, Sweet & Smoky BBQ, Sweets & Beets, and Taro. Seasonal flavors include He5rbed Stuffing, Red, White & Blues, and Sweets & Apples.

    The first recorded food to be called a chip was in 1769, referring to thin, preserved slices of fruit (like orange or lemon peel). At this point, it meant any thinly sliced and dried piece of a plant. In the mid-19th century U.K., “chips” began to describe potatoes, but they referred to (and still refer to) what Americans call French fries. In British English, the potatoes were were cut with a knife—i.e., chipped—into chunks. The famous “fish and chips” consists of fried fish fillets with these fried chips. Charles Dickens is credited with one of the first literary mentions in “A Tale of Two Cities” (1859), where he describes “husky chips of potato, fried with some reluctant drops of oil.”

    ‡‡The feta-horseradish dip is served in small ramekins or whatever serveware you have that works. We serve it as an amuse-bouche. Ingredients for 1.5 cups, you’ll need 8 ounces (225g) firm feta, crumbled, 1/2 cup plain Greek yogurt (full fat for stability), 2 tablespoons EVOO, 1.5 tablespoons prepared horseradish (liquid drained), 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice, 1 teaspoon lemon zest, 1/4 teaspoon fresh-ground pepper (use white pepper if you want a perfectly white dip), and an optional 1 teaspoon honey.

    Preparation: 10 minutes. (1) Place the crumbled feta and EVOO in a food processor and pulse until it starts to become a thick paste. Add the yogurt and lemon juice. Process on high for 2–3 minutes until you have a completely smooth, aerated “mousse” texture. If it’s too stiff, add one more tablespoon of yogurt. (2) Fold in the horseradish, lemon zest, pepper, and optional honey. Pulse just 3–4 times to combine; don’t over-process the horseradish, or it can become bitter. (3) Chill to set. Transfer the dip to the individual ramekins and smooth the tops. Cover with a bit of plastic wrap and chill for 30 minutes (or longer) to allows the proteins in the feta to firm back up, creating a “structural” surface for the beet chip lid.

    Give the ramekins a gentle tap on the counter to remove air bubbles and create a glassy, flat top. Use a small offset spatula or the back of a warm spoon to smooth the tops. If any dip gets on the inner rim of the ramekin, wipe it away with a damp paper towel before refrigerating. Place the beet chip lid on at the last moment before serving, so moisture from the yogurt won’t soften the underside.

    Optional surprise garnish: When the guest lifts up the beet chip, you can put a colorful surprise on top of the white dip. Suggestions: pomegranate arils and minced mint, toasted black sesame seeds and smoked salt, fried capers and lemon zest. Add it to the chilled dip, before placing the beet lid on top. Use the back of a small spoon to create a tiny “well” or indentation in the center of the chilled dip. Place the garnish in a tight, vertical pile in the well, keeping the garnish slightly lower than the rim of the ramekin to create a small air pocket between the dip and the beet chip lid. The air gap is the secret to keeping the chip crispy for up to 15–20 minutes after it’s been set on the table.

     

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    What Is A Vegetable & The Year’s 95+ Vegetable Holidays Holidays

     
    March 22nd is National Broccoli Day, one of 95 vegetable holidays celebrated each year—and that’s just the vegetables, not foods made with them, like gazpacho or spanakopita (spincah pie).

    While you can see all the vegetable holidays below, in botany there is no such thing as a “vegetable.” The term doesn’t exist in science,

  • Plants comprise stems, bulbs, fruits, leaves, rhizomes, roots, seeds, and stems.
  • Since it isn’t a scientific term, we define it by how we eat it: It is purely a culinary and legal invention.
  • The culinary definition of a vegetable: any edible part of a plant that is generally savory, rather than sweet, and is served as part of a main course or other dish (appetizer, salad, side, etc.
  • The legal definition of a vegetable is not unsurprisingly misguided. In 1893, the U.S. Supreme Court (Nix v. Hedden) legally ruled that a tomato is a vegetable for tax and tariff purposes, even though they acknowledged it is botanically a fruit***.
  •  
    Below:

    > The history of vegetables.

    > Botany meets kitchen: categories of vegetables.

    > Some vegetable histories.

    > The year’s 95+ vegetable holidays.
     
     
    THE HISTORY OF “VEGETABLES”
     
    1400s: The Linguistic Origin

    Originally, the word vegetable didn’t mean a food group. It came from the Medieval Latin vegetabilis, which meant growing or flourishing.

  • In the 15th century, if you called something a vegetable, you just meant it was a living plant (as opposed to an animal or a mineral).
  • People used the Old English word wyrt (root/herb) to describe the specific plants they ate.
  •  
    1700s: The Scientific/Culinary Split

    The specific use of “vegetable” to distinguish savory produce from sweet fruit didn’t solidify until the mid-18th century.

  • In 1755, Samuel Johnson’s famous dictionary defined a vegetable broadly as “anything that has growth without sensation.”
  • In 1767, the first recorded instance appears where “vegetable” was used specifically to mean “a plant cultivated for food, an edible herb or root.”
  • This led to more rigorous classification. Cooks and botanists began to drift apart. Botanists focused on how the plant reproduced (seeds = fruit), while cooks focused on how it tasted (savory = vegetable).
  • As the kitchen required a way to distinguish savory from sweet foods, the culinary use of “vegetable” became a category.
  •  
    What defines a “vegetable?”

    1893: The U.S. Courts Weigh In

    As mentioned earlier, he most famous “official” distinction happened in the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Nix v. Hedden, adjudicated in 1893. It wasn’t about science; it was about taxes. To recap:

  • The Tariff Act of 1883 placed a tax on imported vegetables, but fruit could be imported for free.
  • A tomato importer,John Nix, sued, arguing that tomatoes are botanically fruits and should be tax-exempt.
  • Justice Horace Gray admitted that while a tomato is botanically a fruit, in the “common language of the people,” it’s a vegetable because it’s served with dinner and not as a dessert.
  •  
    > The subcategories of follow, but first:
     
     
    THE HISTORIES OF FAVORITE VEGETABLES
     
    This is a small portion of The Nibble’s food histories. See the full list here.

  • Acorn Squash History
  • Artichoke History
  • Asparagus History
  • Avocado History
  • Beet History
  • Belgian Endive History
  • Bell Pepper History
  • Broccoli History
  • Broccolini History
  • Cabbage History
  • Carrot History
  • Cauliflower History
  • Celery History
  • Chile Pepper History
  • Chives History
  • Corn History
  • Crudités
  • Cucumber History
  • Delicata Squash History
  • Eggplant History
  • Fennel History
  • Garlic History
  • Hops History
  • Iceberg Lettuce History
  • Indian Corn History</li>
  • Jerusalem Artichoke (Sunchoke) History
  • Kale History
  • Lettuce History
  • Mint History
  • Mushroom History
  • Okra History
  • Onion History
  •  
    …to be continued.

     

    Broccoli on a cutting board
    [1] Broccoli spans two categories: the bus are Flowers, and the stalks are Stems (photo © California Olive Ranch).

    A Bag Of Yellow Onions
    [2] Bulbs are a plant’s underground energy storage. Garlic, onions (in photo), and shallots are examples (photos #2 and #3 © Good Eggs).

    Fresh Ginger Root
    [3] Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems that send out roots. Examples include galangal, ginger (in photo), and turmeric.

    Baby Beets
    [4] Root crops are those that are pulled from the soil. Botanically, they are divided into taproots (a single, dominant root that grows straight down e.g., beets, carrots, parsnips, radishes, and turnips) and tuberous roots, which are modified lateral roots that swell to store nutrients (e.g., cassava, sweet potatoes). The photo may appear to be radishes, but they’re baby beets, a cousin (photo © Burpee).

    Jerusalem Artichoke A.K.A. Sunchoke
    [5] Tubers are swollen underground storage stems. They’re different from roots. Examples include Jerusalem artichokes a.k.a. sunchoke (in photo), potatoes, and yams (photo © Culinary Vegetable Institute).

     
     
    WHAT ARE THE SUBCATEGORIES OF “VEGETABLES?”
     
    These are all vegetables, but have subcategories listed by botanical parts.
     
    Vegetable Chart
    [6] How to categorize vegetables (Abacus Chart).
     

    THE YEAR’S 95+ VEGETABLE HOLIDAYS
    January

  • January: Artichoke And Asparagus Month
  • January 15: National Fresh Squeezed Juice Day
  • January 30: Hug a Jicama Day
  • January 31: Eat Brussels Sprouts Day
  •  
    February

  • February: Exotic Vegetables And Star Fruit Month
  • February: National Avocado And Banana Month
  • February: National Canned Food Month
  • February: National Potato Lover’s Month
  • February: National Sweet Potato Month
  • February: Vegan Cuisine Month
  • February, 1st Week: Shape Up With Pickles Time
  • February 1: National Canned Food Day
  • February 2: National Tater Tot Day
  • February 4: National Stuffed Mushrooms Day
  • February, 2nd Full Week: National Kraut and Frankfurter Week
  • February 17: National Cabbage Day
  • February 17: National Cauliflower Day
  • February 22: National Cook a Sweet Potato Day
  •  
    March

  • March: Exotic Winter Fruit & Leeks and Green Onions Month
  • March: National Celery Month
  • March: National Frozen Food Month
  • March: National Nutrition Month
  • March: Veggie Month
  • March 6: National Frozen Food Day
  • March, 3rd Week: National Agriculture Week
  • March, 3rd Tuesday: National Agriculture Day
  • March 16: National Artichoke Day/National Artichoke Hearts Day†
  • March 17: National Corned Beef and Cabbage Day
  • March 22: National Broccoli Day/We Love Broccoli Day
  • March 26: National Spinach Day
  • March 31: National Tater Day
  •  
    April

  • April: National Brussels Sprouts and Cabbage Month
  • April: Fresh Florida Tomato Month
  • National Fresh Celery Month
  • National Garlic Month‡
  • Tomatillo And Asian Pear Month
  • April 4: International Carrot Day
  • April 6: Fresh Tomato Day
  • April 16: Day Of The Mushroom
  • April 19: National Garlic Day‡
  •  
    May

  • May: National Lettuce Month
  • May: National Salad Month
  • May 1: National Salad Day
  • May 5: Totally Chipotle Day
  • May 24: National Asparagus Day
  • Late May-Early June: British Tomato Fortnight
  •  
    June

  • June: National Cucumber Month
  • June: National Fresh Fruit And Vegetable Month
  • June: National Okra Month
  • June, First Two Weeks: British Tomato Fortnight
  • June 5: National Veggie Burger Day
  • June 10: Herbs And Spices Day
  • June 11: National Elote Day / National Corn On The Cob Day
  • June 14: National Cucumber Day
  • June 16: Fresh Veggies Day
  • July 16: National Corn Fritters Day
  • June 17: National Eat Your Vegetables Day
  • June 22: National Onion Ring Day
  • June 27: National Onion Day
  • July

  • July: National Asparagus Month
  • July: National Corn Month
  • July: National Eggplant Month
  • July: National Horseradish Month
  • July, 1st Full Week: Great British Pea Week
  • July, 2nd Friday: National French Fry Day
  • July 16: National Corn Fritters Day
  • July 16: National Fresh Spinach Day
  •  
    August

  • August 5: National Green Pepper Day
  • August 8: National Zucchini Day / Sneak Some Zucchini Onto Your Neighbor’s Porch Night
  • August 17: National/World Eggplant Day
  • August 19: National Potato Day
  • August 28: National Stuffed Pepper Day
  • Aug 29: More Herbs Less Salt Day
  •  
    September

  • September: National Fruits and Veggies Month / More Matters Month
  • September: National Mushroom Month>
  • September 7: National Acorn Squash Day
  • September 8: National Ants on a Log Day
  • September 25: Hug A Vegetarian Day
  • September 15: National Shiso Day
  • September 22: National Eat Local Day
  • September 30: National Soufflé Potato Day
  •  
    October

  • October: Celebrate Sun-Dried Tomatoes Month
  • October: National Chili Month
  • October: Vegetarian Month
  • October, 1st Week: National Chili Week
  • October, 1st Week: National Vegetarian Week
  • October 1: National Kale Day
  • October 1: World Vegetarian Day
  • October 2: National Produce Misting Day
  •  
    November

  • November: Greens and Plantains Month
  • November: Good Nutrition Month
  • November: National Pepper Month
  • November: Spinach And Squash Month
  • November: National Sweet Potato Awareness Month
  • November: World Vegan Month
  • November 1: International/World Vegan Day
  • November 6: National Healthy Eating Day/li>
  • November 14: National Pickle Day
  • November 16: National Mediterranean Diet Day
  • November, 3rd Saturday: World Squash Day
  • November 22: National Kimchi Day
  • November, 4th Thursday: National Idaho Potato Day (and Thanksgiving)
  • November, 4th Friday: National Maize Day
     
    December

  • December: Root Vegetables And Exotic Fruit Month
  • December 3: National Green Bean Casserole Day
  • December 28: Eat Vegetarian Day
  •  
    Fruits That Are Treated As Vegetables
     
    These are the “sneaky” fruits that many people think are vegetables because they aren’t sweet:

  • Avocados
  • Bell pepper and all chile peppers
  • Cucumbers
  • Eggplants
  • Okra
  • Pumpkins, zucchini, and all squash
  • Tomatoes
  • Tomatillos
  •  
    Vegetables That Are Treated As Fruits

  • Rhubarb
  • Carrots and sweet potatoes are used in sweet preparations, such as jams and cakes
  •  
    ________________
     
    *National Tomato Day is June 1st. April is National Florida Tomato Month. October is National Tomato Month.

    **Botanically speaking, a tomatillo is a fruit, specifically, a berry. However, like its cousins the tomato and the eggplant, it is almost always treated as a vegetable in the kitchen because of its acidic, savory, and slightly herbal flavor profile.

    ***The Tariff Act of 1883, signed by President Chester A. Arthur, required a tax to be paid on imported vegetables, but not fruit. The John Nix & Co. company filed a suit against Edward L. Hedden, Collector of the Port of New York, to recover back duties paid under protest on his imported tomatoes, which were botanically fruits. The Supreme Court unanimously voted that the tomato should be classified under the customs regulations as a vegetable, based on the ways it is used. While there have been numerous tariff law revisions since then, since the Supreme Court never overturned its decision, it remains the standard for how the U.S. government interprets produce categories when a law doesn’t provide a specific botanical definition—i.e., the heck with science, it depends on how the item is used.

    The official name for March 16th holiday is National Artichoke Hearts Day. However, many people and organizations (including the California Artichoke Advisory Board) use the names interchangeably, so you will frequently see it listed simply as National Artichoke Day.

    Botanically, garlic is not a vegetable in the traditional sense; it is a bulb. It belongs to the genus Allium, making it a close cousin to chives, leeks, onions, and shallots. Because it’s a part of a plant that stores energy underground, a bulb functions similarly to a tuber, but its structure (layers of cloves) classifies it specifically as a lily-family bulb. It’s the underground storage organ of a perennial plant. In the USDA dietary guidelines, however, it’s grouped with vegetables because of its nutrient profile.
     

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