THE NIBBLE BLOG: Products, Recipes & Trends In Specialty Foods


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Halfsies Cookies: Great Baker, Great Reason To Have 2 Flavors

Cranberry White Chocolate Halfsies
[1] Cranberry White Chocolate Halfsies With Orange Zest (all photos © Halfsies).

Nutella Knockout Halfsies Cookies
[2] Nutella Halfsies.

Reeses Pieces Halfsies
[3] Reese’s Pieces Halfsies.

M&M Halfsies Cookies
[4] M&M Halfsies Cookies.

Double Chocolate Chip Halfsies
[5] For the chocoholics, Double Chocolate Chip.

 

Halfsies Cookies are a must-try member of the artisan food scene in New York State’s Hudson Valley.

They give a nod to the best homemade cookies of our youth while integrating the jumbo-tall yumminess of cookis like Levain, with an added sprinkle of fun.

The Halfsies Cookie Company, founded by Dave and Heather Maffei, has mastered the integration of culinary nostalgia with its own unique style in the world of small-batch gourmet cookies.

We find them to be irresistible, and they’re our Top Pick Of The Week.
 
 
WHAT MAKES HALFSIES UNIQUE?

  • First is their signature “crisp on the outside, soft on the inside texture” texture that Dave perfected over 10 months of experimentation.
  • Next is their creative flavor combinations (the playful names are a fun bonus).
  • Then comes the jumbo cookie halves, not only providing mouth-watering appreciation of the insides, but the beckoning to enjoy two different flavors at the same time.
  • Finally is their rotation of seasonal flavors in addition to a roster of classics.
  •  
    Who could ask for anything more? Not us!

    There’s lots more to relate, including cookie flavors below. But first:

    > The history of cookies.

    > The 10 basic types of cookies.

    > Cookie favorites: a photo glossary of hundreds of cookie varieties.

    > The year’s 44 cookie holidays.
     
     
    ORIGIN STORY: THE COOKIES DIDN’T START OUT AS “HALFSIES”

    There was no deliberate business decision to sell cookies halves, rather, the name came from a family moment.

    To begin at the beginning, in 2018, Dave Maffei traded store credit from returned Gucci loafers for a KitchenAid mixer, embarking on a ten-month journey to perfect the ultimate cookie recipe.

    His goal was ambitious yet simple: create cookies that were crispy on the outside while maintaining a soft, chewy interior.

    The “Halfsies” name itself emerged from a moment of maternal practicality. When Dave first brought his cookies (then full-sized) to Heather’s parents’ house one Easter, her mother thought they were “way too big” and cut them all in half before serving them on a fancy tray.

    Dave was initially mortified by this, but everyone loved the cookies. What could have been a deflating critique instead became the perfect branding opportunity, and the name stuck.

    Thanks, Mom, for saving us [i.e., Dave and Heather] time in pondering how to differentiate the cookies from other artisan offerings.

    For consumers, the benefit over other artisan cookies include:

  • Portion: Appeals to customers who want to indulge but not overindulge.
  • Sampling: Allows customers to enjoy more flavors.
  • Psychology: A “half,” even a big one, makes people feel better about eating two or three halves.
  •  
    Their half-cookie format seems to be unique in the artisanal cookie space. Which is not to say that the “half” concept hasn’t existed for a while, exemplified by:

  • Half sandwiches, a deli and café option to pair one’s sandwich with soup or salad.
  • Half portions at restaurants, especially half-portions of pasta dishes as a first course.
  • Half pizzas, i.e., whole pizzas with different toppings on each half.
  • Half pints of ice cream, often found half-pint containers as a standard size.
  • Half bottles of wine, enabling parties of two to pair a different wine with each course.
  •  
     
    A Tray Of Halfsies Cookies
    [6] Halfsies cookies as they were first conceived by a mother-in-law: large cookies cut in half.
     
     
    AND NOW, THE FLAVORS

    From the creative mind of Maffei have come more than 350 flavors, with a dozen or so available in any particular week.

    Recent months’ flavors are shown in the chart. Before you devour them, note that:

  • Vacuum-sealed by the half dozen, to ensure they stay fresh and intact, no matter how far away they’re shipped.
  • New flavors always. Maffei is constantly innovating. “Even though we already have so many favorites I’m always thinking of new ones our customers will love.”
  • Small-batch excellence. Flavors often sell out, emphasizing customer satisfaction.
  • With a 4.8 out of 5-star rating based on over 2,500 reviews, Halfsies has clearly built a loyal customer base.
  •  
    Are you next?

     

    July 2025 Some Prior Months’ Flavors
  • Banana Cream Pie
  • Birthday Cake Sugar Cookie with Vanilla Chips
  • Chocolate Peanut Butter Chip
  • Crush On You (Crushed Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups
  • Fluffernutter
  • I Hate Raisins Oatmeal Dark Chocolate Chip
  • Kitchen Sink
  • PB Dream
  • Pineapple Upside Down
  • S’more Money, S’more Problems
  • Snickerdoodle With Caramel Chip
  • Strawberry Peanut Butter Jelly Time
  • Tiramisu
  • You Want A Reese’s Piece Of me?
  • Berried Treasure
  • Chocolate Covered Cherry
  • Chocolate PB Chip
  • Chocolate Peanut Butter Smiles
  • Cowboy Cookies
  • Gingerbread Cookies
  • Halfsies Black & White
  • Hot Honey
  • Oreo Stuffed PB Milk Chocolate
  • Piña Colada
  • Rest in Reese’s
  • Samoa Stuffed Chocolate Chip
  • S’More Money S’More Problems
  • Worth Every Crumbs
  •  
     

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    America’s Top 10 Sandwiches & Grilled Cheese History

    We’re celebrating National BLT Day today, July 22nd, with the Cheddar, bacon, and tomato for lunch and a luxury version, a lobster BLT with Gruyère, for dinner.

    Which got us to thinking: Is the BLT our favorite sandwich? Actually, its big brother, the club sandwich, topped with turkey or chicken—has an edge. So we decided to see what the rest of the country prefers.

    The Top 10 sandwiches in America follow. But first:

    > The different types of sandwiches: a photo glossary.

    > The year’s 25+ sandwich holidays.

    > The history of the sandwich.

    > The history of the BLT.

    > The history of the grilled cheese sandwich is below.
     
     
    AMERICA’S FAVORITE SANDWICHES

    We looked at several surveys, which, as is common varied somewhat. Here’s one compiled by 24/7 Wall St. Note that the BLT, Club, and Bacon sandwiches have close kinship:

    While we may have our own definitions, by the textbook a BLT is a simple sandwich, usually consisting of just bacon, lettuce, and tomato with mayo between two slices of bread. The club sandwich adds a layer of turkey or chicken on toasted bread. It can be a single or “triple decker.”

    The Top 10 Sandwiches

    1. Grilled Cheese (photo #1)

    2. Grilled Chicken (photo #2)

    3. Turkey (photo #3)

    4. Roast Beef

    5. Ham

    6. BLT

    7. Club

    8. Bacon Sandwich

    9. Peanut Butter & Jelly

    10. Pulled Pork
     
     
    THE HISTORY OF THE GRILLED CHEESE SANDWICH

    The bread. The earliest form of bread was flatbread made from wild grains and tubers ground into flour, mixed with water, and baked on hot stones. The eastern evidence is ca. 12,400 B.C.E. (predating agriculture!) in what is now Jordan.

    There was widespread flatbread use from 7000 to 6000 B.C.E. By 2000 B.C.E., flatbread became common across Near East as well.

    The first leavened (risen) bread likely emerged around 3,000 B.C.E. in ancient Egypt, via contact between the flatbread dough and wild yeast.

    By the Roman era, 100 B.C.E.–400 C.E., wheat bread was a staple.

    > The history of bread to modern times.
     
     
    Now that we have the bread, what about the cheese?

    Cheese appears, ca. 7000–6000 B.C.E. The earliest evidence has been found in Neolithic pottery in Poland.

    The process of cheese making, involving fermenting milk to separate curds and whey, was possibly discovered accidentally when milk was stored in animal stomachs (animal stomachs and bladders were employed as containers in ancient times). Stomachs contain the rennet enzymes necessary to create the curds that are pressed into cheese.

    While archaeologists have yet to find the smoking gun (or smoking pottery, as it were), around 6000–5000 B.C.E., in Mesopotamia or the Fertile Crescent, people could plausibly have eaten cheese with flatbreads or early forms of grain cakes.

    Sumerians (ca. 3000 B.C.E) and Egyptians (ca. 2000 B.C.E.) both produced cheese. By the time of the Greeks and Romans, cheese was widely made and even aged for texture and flavor. In ancient Rome, bread and cheese were a common soldier’s ration.

    > The history of cheese.
     
     
    Putting Them Together

    The concept of combining bread and cheese dates back thousands of years. Ancient Romans reportedly enjoyed bread grilled with cheese, though not in sandwich form.

    Welsh rarebit (rabbit) originated in Britain, possibly as far back as the 14th century (the earliest printed record dates to 1725). Melted cheese was poured over a slice of toasted (presumably stale) bread.

    The sandwich was invented on the fly in 1762, to make it convenient to eat while at the gambling table (the history of the sandwich).

    Sometime in 18th-century Switzerland, the practice of dipping bread in melted cheese—fondue—appeared. It is believed to have been created as a way to use stale bread.

    The Swiss also created raclette, melted cheese served with boiled potatoes, crusty bread, cornichons, and usually a variety of proteins and vegetables.

    Needless to say, where ever there was bread and cheese, they were eaten together in some form or other. Take a look at:

  • Argentina: Provaleta, Provolone cheese grilled in a skillet, served with bread for scooping.
  • France: Croque Monsieur & Croque Madame: grilled ham (fried egg for Madame) and Gruyère sandwich topped with béchamel sauce.
  • Georgia: Khachapuri, boat-shaped bread filled with melted cheese and egg.
  • Greece: Saganaki, fried kefalotyri or other cheese, served with crusty bread.
  • India: Paneer Pakora, cubes of paneer cheese sandwiched between bread slices, battered and deep-fried.
  • Italy: Mozzarella in Carrozza, mozzarella between bread slices, breaded and fried.
  • Mexico: Quesadilla, a tortilla filled with cheese (and sometimes meat or vegetables), folded and griddled.
  • U.K: Cheese Toastie, the British version of a grilled cheese, often with extra fillings.
  • Venezuela/Colombia: Arepa de Queso, Cornmeal flatbread stuffed with asadero, mozzarella, or other melty cheese, griddled.
  •  
     
    So Where’s The Grilled Cheese Sandwich?

    You have to cross the ocean for modern grilled cheese—melted cheese between two slices of bread—which was created in the U.S. in the 1920s.

    1920s: It was made possible thanks to two key inventions, beginning in the 1920s:

  • Processed American cheese, perfected by James L. Kraft in 1916 to melt easily, and made widely available by the 1920s.
  • Sliced bread, introduced by Wonder Bread in 1928.
  •  
    1930s: During the Great Depression (1929-1939), “toasted cheese sandwiches” were a low-cost, satisfying meal, often served open-faced (on one slice of bread) topped with melted cheese.

    1940s: During World War II, mess halls served “American cheese filling sandwiches,” usually toasted, to U.S. soldiers. The name “cheese dream” was sometimes used, especially when the sandwich was topped with extras like bacon or tomato and served hot and open-faced.

     

    Grilled Cheese Sandwich
    [1] Number one in the U.S.A.: grilled cheese (photo © U.S. Dairy).

    Chicken Sandwich
    [2] Grilled chicken takes second place (A.I. photo).

    Turkey Sandwich With Lettuce & Tomato
    [3] Turkey takes #3. Here’s the recipe (photo © The Kitchn | Photo: Alex Lepe, Food Stylist: Rachel Perlmutter).

    French Dip Sandwich: Roast Beef & Gravy On Grilled Bread
    [4] Roast beef is #4. Here, grilled bread and gravy for dipping turn it into a French Dip sandwich (photo © McCormick).

    Ham Sandwich
    [5] The good old ham sandwich takes the 5th spot. In this upgraded variation, the bread is pumpernickel, radicchio replaces lettuce, and gherkins substitute for pickle chips (photo © Columbus Craft Meats).

    BLT Sandwich
    [6] The BLT (photo © Tapis Rouge | Pixabay Content License).

    California Club Sandwich On Brioche
    [7] Our personal favorite, the Club Sandwich, adds chicken or turkey to the BLT. Here, it’s served on brioche (photo © St. Pierre Bakery).

     
    1950s: The now-familiar two-slice grilled cheese, made with with buttered bread and American cheese toasted in a skillet, was common in American households. Schools added it to lunch fare as an inexpensive, child-/teen-friendly meal, often paired with tomato soup (which counted as a serving of vegetables). Cookbooks and advertisements promoted the grilled cheese sandwich as quick, wholesome, and ideal for busy mothers and picky eaters.

    1960s: By the 1960s, the term “grilled cheese sandwich” became more common, replacing older terms like “toasted cheese.” The switch to grilling in a pan with butter (rather than baking or broiling) helped define the form we recognize today: two slices of bread, buttered on the outside, filled with cheese, and griddled until golden and melty. Grilled cheese sandwiches became a staple in American households and school lunchrooms. Paired with tomato soup, grilled cheese became a nostalgic comfort food—partly due to school cafeterias, partly due to marketing campaigns by soup companies like Campbell’s.

    2000s: Today grilled cheese has evolved from American cheese on white or whole wheat, into a gourmet item, including add-ons beyond the traditional toppings of bacon, tomato, and deli-style pickles.

  • Bread upgrades: brioche, ciabatta, olive bread, seed bread, sourdough, etc. Use a panini press if you can.
  • Cheese upgrades: Brie/Camembert, Cheddar/flavored Cheddar, goat or sheep cheese, Gruyère, mozzarella, Roquefort, smoked cheese, etc. Don’t be shy about using more than one cheese on the sandwich.
  • Condiments upgrades: aioli (garlic butter), balsamic glaze, gourmet mustard, hot honey, pesto, sriracha or chipotle mayonnaise (or other flavored mayo), truffle butter or truffle oil.
  • Pickle upgrades: dilly beans, giardiniera, gherkins, pickled or smoked jalapeño, pickled onions, pickled red peppers, etc.
  • Protein upgrades: crab or lobster, pancetta, prosciutto, pulled pork, grilled or shredded chicken, roast beef.
  • Vegetable upgrades: arugula or baby spinach, caramelized or sautéed onions, guacamaole, roasted red peppers (pimiento), sundried tomatoes.
  • Plus: apple or pear slices, chutney, fig jam, you-name-it!
  •  
    Who’s hungry?!
     
     

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    America’s Favorite Junk Food For National Junk Food Day

    Pepperoni Pizza
    [1] Pizza tops the list (photo © Jordan Nix | Unsplash).

    Quart Of Oreo Ice Cream
    [2] Runner-up: ice cream (photo © Carrefour).

    M&Ms in a bowl
    [3] In third place: chocolate/candy bars (photo © Webstaurant Store).

    Burger, fries, beer
    [4] Hamburgers are #4. Beer is #6. French fries are #8 (photo © The Palm | NYC).

    Fried chicken in a basket
    [5] Fried chicken is #6 (photo © Volpi Foods).

    Coca-Cola glass bottle and filled tall glass
    [6] Sodas are #9 (photo © Andrey Ilkevich | Unsplash).

    Butterfinger & Sprite
    [7] “Other candy” is #10, shown here with a can of #9 (photo A.I.).

     

    July 21st is National Junk Food Day. What are America’s favorite junk foods? The answers follow, but first:
     
     
    WHAT IS JUNK FOOD?

    The term “junk food” is part of our everyday parlance, but it’s not formally defined by most U.S. government or healthcare agencies. However, both government entities and public health organizations use functional definitions to identify foods high in certain unhealthy components and low in nutritional value.
     
     
    “Junk food” typically refers to processed or ultra-processed foods that are:

  • High in added sugars, salt, and/or saturated or trans fats.
  • Low in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
  • Calorie-dense but nutrient-poor.
  •  
     
    Per The USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

    The USDA does not officially define “junk food,” but it cautions against “discretionary calories” or “empty calories” (see the difference in the *footnote below).

    These are foods and beverages high in solid fats and added sugars with minimal essential nutrients, such as candy, soda, fried snacks, and pastries.
     
     
    Per The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

    Similarly, the CDC has no “junk food” definition, but uses terms like “unhealthy foods,” “low-nutrient foods,” or “foods high in sodium, added sugar, and unhealthy fats.”

    It warns that consumption of these foods contributes to obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic illnesses.
     
     
    Per The FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

    The FDA doesn’t label foods as “junk,” but it regulates the Nutrition Facts labels and definitions for terms like “healthy” and “low fat.”

    It also sets limits for daily values of sugar, sodium, fat, and calories, which help guide what is considered excessive.
     
     
    Per The World Health Organization (WHO)

    WHO often refers to “energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods” and highlights the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) from high intake of candy and confectionery, fast food, processed snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages.
     
     
    Per The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

    The AND defines “junk food” as “foods high in sugar, salt, and fat that provide little nutritional benefit.”

    That’s easy to understand!
     
     
    AMERICA’S FAVORITE JUNK FOODS

    Here are the Top 10 Most Popular “Junk Foods” according to the 2025 Hims Survey†.

    We don’t know the methodology, because some of the items on this list provide legitimate protein (fried chicken, hamburgers).

    But, it seems to have nailed the main culprits: chips, chocolate candy, and soda. (We would have added baked sweets—cake, cookies, donuts, pie, etc.)

  • 1-Pizza: 11%
  • 2-Ice Cream: 8%
  • 3-Chocolate/Candy Bars: 8%
  • 4-Hamburgers: 6%
  • 5-Fried Chicken – 6%
  • 6-Chips: 5%
  • 7-Beer: 5%
  • 8-French Fries: 5%
  • 9-Soda: 5%
  • 10-Candy (Other): 4%
  •  
     
    EMPTY CALORIES: ANOTHER WAY TO KEEP TRACK
     
    While they don’t provide definitions for “junk food,” here are the top 10 sources of empty calories in the typical American diet, based on research from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
     
     
    Empty Calories Chart
    [8] Chart created by ChatGPT, 2025-07-21.
     
    The key offenders in these foods are:

  • Added sugars, especially in drinks, desserts, and candy.
  • Solid fats, which are found in full-fat dairy, meats, and fried foods.
  • Refined grains, which are stripped of fiber and nutrients.
  • Alcohol, which has 7 calories/gram, no vitamins or minerals (what are whole grains).
  •  
    Some foods on this list do contain some nutrients (like cheese or pizza, and the burgers and fried chicken on the Top 10 list).

    But they contribute a disproportionately high number of calories from fat or sugar without enough nutritional benefit to offset them—especially when consumed in large quantities.
     
    Chocolate Dipped Donuts
    [9] So delicious, but a minefield of empty calories (photo © Brooke Lark | Wesual | Unsplash).
     

    ________________

    *Empty calories are bad calories (from sugar and fat, no nutrients). Discretionary calories are extra (unused) calories from your daily food intake which you may use on small indulgences, including empty-calorie foods. All empty calories are discretionary calories, but not all discretionary calories are empty calories.

    This was an online consumer study conducted by Hims & Hers Health, Inc., a U.S.-based telehealth company. While their core business is in healthcare, the company also conducts lifestyle and health-related surveys to gauge public attitudes and behaviors.

    The survey was conducted in recognition of National Junk Food Day (July 21) and asked participants to name their favorite indulgent or “junk” food. The exact methodology was not made available, i.e., we don’t know exactly how the question is asked—open-ended or choose from a provided list.

     
     

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    La Clare’s Latest Goat Cheese Is Lemony & Luscious

    If you’re a fan of goat cheese—chèvre, in French—you’ve likely come across flavored varieties. It’s pretty easy to find blueberry in the summer, cinnamon in the fall, cranberry for the holidays.

    Wisconsin-based LaClare Creamery is a goat cheese specialist with the most impressive (and delicious) assortment of flavors we’ve seen. The choice of 4-ounce logs (also referred to as “cheese bars”) is daunting: We want them all!

    But because four ounces is a small enough bite, we can content ourselves with three or four different flavors, and hopefully not finish them all in one day. (See the anecdote in the footnote*).

  • Apple Cinnamon
  • Blueberry Vanilla
  • Rolled Blueberry Vanilla (rolled in a layer of dried blueberries)
  • Chipotle Honey
  • Cranberry Cinnamon
  • Rolled Cranberry Cinnamon (rolled in a layer of dried cranberries and cinnamon sugar)
  • Everything Bagel
  • Fig & Honey
  • Garlic & Herb
  • Honey
  • Lemon Bar, with a delicious Lemon Cheesecake Bar recipe below and photo #5
  • Maple Bourbon
  • Mediterranean (with olives, herbs, and spices)
  • Pumpkin
  • Truffle
  •  
    Plus, of course:

  • Original Goat Cheese
  •  
    When you have customers demanding 15 flavors of goat cheese in addition to the original, you know you’re doing something right.

    The latest to debut is Lemon Bar Goat Cheese, a bright, sophisticated treat that’s as wonderful as an hors d’oeuvre, a salad cheese, a member of the cheese plate, or a dessert in of itself.

    LaClare conceived it as a play on the nostalgic American lemon bar—without the shortbread crust.

    But wait: We have a recipe for you goat cheese lemon cheesecake bars with a shortbread crust (below).

    And if you don’t want to bake, just serve shortbread cookies with the cheese log.
     
     
    TASTING LEMON BAR GOAT CHEESE

    This citrus-forward twist on creamy chèvre is elegant enough to make guests feel that you made a special effort, yet easy enough for everyday breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks.

    It’s the first lemon goat cheese we’ve ever tasted, and it does not disappoint! Vibrant and zesty, it’s flavored with fresh lemon peel (zest) and lemon oil (from the peel), with a subtle hint of vanilla.

    Smooth and spreadable, yet firm enough to slice into rounds atop a salad, burger, pasta, sandwich,__ Adaptable: Easy to incorporate into sweet and savory dishes

    The flavors pair beautifully with sparkling wines (Moscato, Prosecco) and lighter beers like Kölsch, wheat ales, or pale IPAs.

    Following the recipe for Lemon Cheesecake Bars, we have many more suggestions on how to enjoy it.
     
     
    RECIPE: LEMON CHEESECAKE BARS

    You can substitute all goat cheese in the cheesecake layer (replacing the cream cheese) for a tangier bar.

    Meyer lemons, available fall through spring, will provide a slightly sweeter and floral lemony flavor.
     
    Ingredients For 16 Bars

    Total time is 4 hours, including chilling.

    For The Shortbread Crust

  • 1 cup (125g) all-purpose flour
  • 1/4 cup (50g) granulated sugar
  • 1/4 teaspoon salt
  • 1/2 cup (1 stick / 113g) unsalted butter, cold and cut into cubes
  •  
    For The Cheesecake Layer

  • 8 oz (226g) cream cheese, softened
  • 4 oz (113g) fresh goat cheese (e.g., LaClare Lemon Bar Goat Cheese or plain)
  • 1/3 cup (67g) granulated sugar
  • 1 large egg
  • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
  • Zest of 1 lemon
  •  
    For The Lemon Curd Topping

  • 3 large egg yolks
  • 1/2 cup (100g) granulated sugar
  • 1/4 cup (60 ml) fresh lemon juice (about 2 lemons)
  • 1 tablespoon lemon zest
  • 4 tablespoons (56g) unsalted butter, cut into pieces
  • Optional garnish: powdered sugar, microgreens (basil or lemon thyme), candied lemon zest (recipe below)
  •  
    Preparation

    1. PREHEAT the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line an 8″x8″ baking pan with parchment, leaving overhang on two sides.

    2. MAKE the shortbread crust. In a bowl, mix flour, sugar, and salt. Cut in the butter using a pastry cutter, two forks, or fingers until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.

    3. PRESS the crust firmly into the bottom of the pan and bake for 18–20 minutes or until lightly golden. Let cool slightly.

    5. PREPARE the cheesecake layer. Reduce the oven to 325°F (160°C). Beat cream the cheese, goat cheese, and sugar until smooth. Add the egg, vanilla, and lemon zest. Mix just until combined and pour over the cooled crust and smooth the top.

    6. BAKE for 20–25 minutes, or until set but slightly jiggly in the center. Cool to room temperature, then chill at least 1 hour.

    7. MAKE the lemon curd. In a small saucepan, whisk together the yolks, sugar, lemon juice, and zest. Cook over medium-low heat, whisking constantly, until thick enough to coat a spoon (about 6–8 minutes).

    8. REMOVE from the heat and stir in the butter until melted and smooth. Optionally, for a silky texture, strain the curd through a fine mesh sieve.

    9. LET the curd cool slightly, then spread it gently over the chilled cheesecake layer. Chill for 2–3 hours or until fully set.

    10. GARNISH as desired. Cut into 16 chilled bars using a sharp, warm knife. The bars are best served cold, and will keep in the fridge for up to 5 days.
     
     
    RECIPE #2: CANDIED LEMON ZEST
     
    Use this recipe to make any candied citrus. The difference between candied zest and candied peel is that zest is a thinner strip.
     
    Ingredients

  • Zest from 1–2 lemons (in long strips or thin strands)
  • 1/2 cup (100g) granulated sugar
  • 1/2 cup (120ml) water
  • Additional sugar for coating
  •  
    Preparation

    1. WASH and pat dry the lemons. Use a vegetable peeler or paring knife to remove long strips of zest, taking care to minimize the amount of bitter white pith. (You can scrape the back of the peel with a knife to thin it.)

    2. SLICE the peel into fine julienne strips. You’re now ready to blanch the zest. Some people skip this step, but if you have the time, you’ll eliminate any bitterness. You can also make the zest a day or so in advance, if that’s more convenient.

    3. BRING a small pot of water to a boil. Add the zest strips and boil for 1 minute. Drain and repeat once more to remove any bitterness. Pat dry with paper towels.

    4. CANDY the zest. In a small saucepan, combine 1/2 cup water and 1/2 cup sugar. Bring to a simmer, stirring until sugar dissolves. Add the zest and simmer over low heat for 10–15 minutes, until translucent.

    5. DRY the zest. Using a slotted spoon, transfer the zest to a wire rack or parchment paper. Let it cool and dry for 30–60 minutes. Then, optionally toss it in a bowl with granulated sugar to achieve a sparkly coat (you can eliminate this step, but we like the sparkle).

    SAVE the lemony syrup for cocktails, lemonade, tea, flavored club soda, baked apples, etc.

    6. STORE the candied zest in an airtight container for up to 1 week at room temperature. If sugared, keep it in layers separated with parchment to avoid clumping.

     

    Lemon Goat Cheese Log
    [1] The newest of 15 goat cheese flavors from LaClare Creamery: Lemon Bar goat cheese (photo by A.I).

    Blueberry Vanilla Goat Cheese
    [2] Blueberry Vanilla goat cheese (all photos © LaClare Creamery except as noted).

    Everything Bagel Goat Cheese
    [3] Everything Bagel goat cheese.

    Cranberry Cinnamon Goat Cheese Log
    [4] Cranberry Cinnamon goat cheese.

    Lemon Cheesecake Bars
    [5] Lemon Goat Cheese Cheesecake Bars (photo by A.I.).

    Maple Bourbon Goat Cheese Log
    [6] Maple Bourbon goat cheese.

    Nubian Goat
    [7] In front, a Nubian goat, with her friend, a Saanen goat, behind. Ladies, thanks for all the great cheese.

    Chipotle Honey Goat Cheese Log
    [8] Chipotle Honey goat cheese.

    Candied Lemon Zest
    [9] Candied lemon zest (photo by A.I.).

     
     
    THE YEAR’S GOAT CHEESE-RELATED HOLIDAYS

  • January, 3rd Tuesday: International Hoof Care Week begins
  • January 20: National Cheese Lovers Day
  • April 10 is National Farm Animals Awareness Day
  • August is National Goat Cheese Month
  • September, 3rd Week: National Farm Animals Awareness Week
  •  
    Plus:

  • > The year’s 30 cheese holidays
  •  
     
    ________________
     
    *LaClare posted these tips to keep the goat cheese fresh, “in the rare occasion you don’t finish the entire log in one sitting.” LOL: We would never have any leftovers. The only thing left over is our wanting more. But here are the tips:

    1. Peel back film to only expose what you are going to use.
    2. Use a clean utensil to cut your desired portion. Avoid using your hands.
    3. Place the film back around the log and wrap the log tightly with plastic wrap. Refrigerate.
     
     

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    It’s National Hand Roll Day. Who Invented The Hand Roll?

     
    Tuna Hand Roll With Quail Egg & Scallion
    [1] Maguro uzura no tamago temaki, or maguro uzura for short. Maguro means tuna, uzura means quail, and tamago means egg. Maki means roll, te means hand roll; thus, temaki (photo © Jungsik).

    Salmon Avocado Hand Roll
    [2] Salmon cucumber is a popular temaki. Avocado is often substituted for the cucumber (photos #2, #3, and #4 © Maki Maki NYC).

    Shrimp Tempura Hand Roll
    [3] Shrimp tempura handroll with a squeeze of Kewpie mayonnaise (Japan’s favorite). Yes, you can still dip your temaki in soy sauce.

    Uni Shiso Hand Roll
    [4] The only thing better than uni-shiso (sea urchin and perilla leaf) is three uni with the shiso.


    [5] Pressed sushi, formed in a wooden box, was the forerunner of nigiri and maki sushi. If you want to make sushi at home easily, get a mold and try it (photo © Irashai Store).

    Salmon Nigiri and Maki Sushi Combo
    [6] Next came nigiri (top) and maki sushi (photo © Dev Litoon | Unsplash).

    Negitoro Hand Roll
    [7] Taco holders no doubt inspired the first taco-style sushi (photos #7 and #8 © Sebastian Lucrecio | Nami Nori | NYC).

    Philadelphia Roll Sushi-Taco Style
    [8] Phancy Philly: the original Philadelphia Roll will never be the same.

    Cylinder Sushi Hand Roll
    [9] We’re guessing that the cylinder-shaped hand roll was an inspiration to a sushi chef who didn’t want to cut up a regular maki (photo © Harrison Chang | Unsplash).

     

    July 6th is National Hand Roll Day, one of our favorite fun foods. The Japanese word is temaki. As a sushi item, it arrived much later than the ubiquitous nigiri—slices of fish atop pads of rice.

    But it’s equally delicious and easier to make. The history of the hand roll follows, but first:

    > The year’s sushi holidays are below, along with other Japanese food holidays.

    > Sushi Glossary: a photo glossary of the different types of sushi and sashimi.

    > The history of sushi.
     
     
    THE HISTORY OF THE HAND ROLL

    Scholarship can’t determine when the earliest people on the island of what is now Japan—the hunter-gatherers of the Jōmon Period—had access to wild rice. We do know that grains of it have been dated to the 11th century B.C.E.

    Evidence does show that the cultivation of rice in Japan began approximately 2,800 years ago, about 775 B.C.E.

    While the island is surrounded by waters full of fish, the first hard evidence we have of salted fish served with cooked rice dates to 700 C.E.—1,474 years after rice cultivation began.

    But the sushi trail is easier to follow after that. First we jump to:

  • Pressed sushi (oshizushi), formed by pressing rice into a wooden box, topping it with sliced fish, tamping it down, and cutting it into squares for serving (photo #5). It appeared around 1600.
  • Nigiri sushi, sliced fish on pads of rice, took a couple of centuries more, appearing around 1824 (details follow).
     
    But makizushi (cut roll maki, photo #6) and temaki, the hand roll, (photos #1. #2, #3, and #4), took more time.

    While precise dates have not yet been determined, both rolls likely evolved in the late end of the Edo Period (1603-1868) when sushi was becoming more available to commoners, not just the well-to-do.

    The word temaki literally means hand roll in Japanese: te for hand and maki for roll (regular rolls are maki, large rolls are futomaki, reverse rolls are uramaki, and so on).
     
     
    NIGIRI SUSHI IS CREATED BY HANAYA YOHEI

    Why are there seem to be no sushi restaurants named for Hanaya Yohei?

    This Tokyo restaurateur and chef (1799–1858) is generally credited as the inventor of Tokyo-style sushi, edomaezushi* in Japanese or nigiri sushi at the end of the Edo period, around 1824. He is also regarded as the inventor of modern sushi (see the footnote** below).

    Prior to this, the sushi consumed was oshizushi, known in English as pressed sushi or box sushi. It is made by pressing layers of sushi rice and toppings into a rectangular mold, creating a compact, layered block of sushi. The toppings are laid out artistically (photo #5).

    Nigiri, the most popular form of sushi today, literally means “two fingers,” which refers to the typical size and the hand-pressing technique used to create it (see this video).

    It can be easily be picked up by two fingers, the thumb and index finger, without the need for chopsticks.

    That made it an excellent food for gamblers, who didn’t have to put down the cards or the dice as they ate, and for casual eaters who didn’t want a sit-down meal but could eat quickly at a street-side sushi cart.
     
     
    IN EARLIER CENTURIES, ALL FISH WAS MARINATED

    Even though Tokyo is a coastal city and the fish freshly-caught, food safety was a concern before the advent of refrigeration (which didn’t get to Japan until after World War II).

    To prevent spoilage, Hanaya either slightly cooked or marinated the fish in soy sauce or vinegar. He then placed the sliced fish on vinegared rice balls (su = vinegar, shi = rice) that were large, by today’s standard.

    His predecessors and contemporaries making oshizushi (pressed sushi) similarly prepared their fish by curing, fermenting, marinating, or pickling.

    Note that even today, in the U.S. and elsewhere, fish must be frozen before served. Before the FDA instituted this ruling, fish such as mackerel, salmon, and herring needed to be marinated to kill the parasites they contained.

    > There’s more about this below.
     
     
    THE BENEFITS OF TEMAKI

    Unlike the formal presentation of nigiri or the precise rolling and cutting required for maki rolls, temaki was designed for convenience and casual consumption.

  • It likely developed as a way for sushi chefs to quickly prepare sushi for customers who wanted something they could eat while standing or walking in the manner of today’s fast food and grab-and-go.
  • It’s easy enough to roll that it can be done by apprentices.
  •  
    For consumers:

  • The cone shape is easy to hold…and fun.
  • Requires no use of chopsticks.
  •  
     
    THE “NEW” TEMAKI

    You may have noticed two recent developments in temaki: taco-style sushi (photos #7 and #8) and the cylinder or cigar shape (photos #9 and #10).

    We can’t pin down who created the taco-style sushi, although it was pretty recent and seems to have emerged organically from the fusion cuisine movement.

    In 2024, Alvin Zhang, owner of Engawa Fusion in Sacramento, created the restaurant so he could have Japanese and Mexican cuisine in one dish. The sushi taco was a big hit.
     
    Negi Hamachi Cylinder Hand Roll
    [10] It’s negi-hamachi (yellowtail-scallion, but it’s not a cut roll. It’s a new style of hand roll, and it doesn’t even have an official name. We call it the cigar or the cylinder hand roll (photo © Kuidaore Handroll Bar | Oakland, California).
     
     
    THERE IS NO “FRESH SUSHI” IN THE U.S.

    In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has specific regulations requiring that most fish intended to be eaten raw—sushi, sashimi, ceviche, or tartare—must be frozen prior to serving to kill parasites.

    Freezing is not about bacteria: Proper handling is still crucial. Freezing is specifically to eliminate parasites, which would normally be destroyed by heat in cooking.

    Per the FDA Food Code, unless the fish is specifically exempt, it must be frozen by one of the following methods:

  • -4°F (-20°C) or below for 7 days (total time in freezer)
  • -31°F (-35°C) or below until solid and stored at -31°F for 15 hours
  • -31°F (-35°C) or below until solid and then stored at -4°F (-20°C) for 24 hours
  •  
    Restaurants are typically required to keep records or supplier certifications to verify proper freezing or exemption.

    Many states and municipalities adopt the FDA Food Code, and some may impose stricter rules.
     
    Exemptions From Freezing

    Certain fish do not need to be frozen before serving raw if they meet the following conditions:

  • Tuna from three species, which are considered low risk for parasites: bigeye (Thunnus obesus), bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares).
  • Aquacultured fish that are raised in controlled environments, fed parasite-free feed, and are certified parasite-free.
  • Shellfish (clams, oysters, and scallops) are governed by different standards and not subject to the freezing rule in the same way.
  •  
     
    THE YEAR’S SUSHI HOLIDAYS

  • April 19: National Rice Ball Day
  • June 18: International Sushi Day
  • July 6: National Hand Roll Day
  • August 15th: National Fresh Poke Day††
  • September 15: National Shiso Day
  • September 28: International Poke Day†
  •  
    Plus:
     
    JAPANESE FOOD HOLIDAYS

  • January 7: National Tempura Day
  • February 6: National Chopsticks Day
  • April: National Soy Foods Month
  • May 2: National Matcha Day**
  • May 4: Green Tea Day (in Japan)
  • June 21: National Wagyu Day
  • August 8: National Mochi Day
  • September: National Rice Month
  • October: National Seafood Month
  • October 1: World Saké Day
  • November 1: National Shochu Day
  •  

    _____________

    *Edomaezushi, referring Tokyo-style sushi, is a broader category that includes nigiri. Even before nigiri appeared, all the fish used in pressed sushi and other styles were caught in Tokyo Bay (Edo is the old name for Tokyo and mae means front, as in waterfront). Edomaezushi was created in the 1820s to meet the need for fast food (grab-and-go). It includes specific preparation methods like aging, curing, and marinating fish.

    Nigiri is a subcategory of edomaezushi. It was a revolution in format: hand-shaped rice patties topped with fish, instead of rice molded in a box (photo #5). It’s the most common form of edomaezushi today.

    **Modern sushi includes nigiri (a slice of fish on a pad of seasoned rice), maki (roll, or cut roll, made in regular and large [diameter] sizes), and temaki, hand roll. A maki is usually wrapped in a sheet of seaweed (nori), but specialty versions are wrapped in a thin, crepe-like omelet, in soy paper, in thinly cut, continuous cucumber wrap; and in shiso (perilla) leaf.

    Other forms considered part of modern sushi include:

    > Chirashi, scattered sushi where sashimi and other toppings are served over seasoned sushi rice in a bowl, rather than formed into individual pieces.

    > Inari sushi, a sweet, seasoned deep-fried tofu (bean curd) pouch stuffed with seasoned sushi rice. This style became popular in the Edo period along with nigiri.

    > Gunkan-maki, literally, “battleship roll” because the nori is rolled around an oval-shaped pad of rice (the battleship) and topped with loose ingredients like ikura (salmon caviar) or uni (sea urchin), that could not be held in place atop nigiri. This style wasn’t invented until the 1940s by Imada Yoshiaki, the founder of a famous Tokyo restaurant, Ginza Kyubey.

    > Uramaki is an inside-out roll: rice on the outside of the sheet of nori on the inside. It is an American sushi innovation (like the California roll, Philadelphia Roll, spicy rolls, and scores of specialty rolls like dragon rolls, rainbow rolls, volcano rolls, and countless others).

    > Sashimi, while technically not sushi (since it lacks the seasoned rice), is logically grouped with modern sushi styles.

    **National Matcha Day is celebrated on February 6th in Japan.

    Poke, pronounced poe-KEH, is a raw fish and vegetable dish initially served as an appetizer or salad course in Hawaiian cuisine, but now popular as a main course like chirashi sushi. Although not called as such, it’s a variation of sashimi of chirashi sushi (and a relative of ceviche, crudo, tartare, and tataki) that was created in Hawaii. Here’s more about it.

    ††Why is there a Fresh Poke Day? Isn’t poke always fresh? Well…poke can be purchased frozen and thawed, as can sushi, and often it is pre-made in grab-and-go sushi in certain markets. Also, the fish can be pre-sliced, waiting to be mixed. So this holiday emphasizes the freshness front and center: You order it and it is sliced and mixed for you. “Fresh” signals an elevated experience, with fish that’s just been cut, and is vibrant and bursting with flavor (exactly how poke was meant to be!).
     
     

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