[1] Santa’s Milk And Cookies by David Lindsley. You can purchase the wall hanging here (photo © Great Big Canvas).

[2] Have a seat, Santa. This print is Santa Cookie Break by Susan Comish. You can buy a print here (photo © Susan Comish).

[3] Don’t forget carrots for the reindeer! This poster is available here.

[4] No carrots, no presents. Get the wall print here (photo © EruHY).

[5] Oreos are a popular cookie to leave for Santa. Follow this recipe and you can leave him something truly special (photo © Chelsea’s Messy Apron).

[6] Dress up chocolate chip cookies, the other most popular cookie left for Santa, with colored sprinkles. Here’s the recipe (photo © Cakes Cottage).

Why is Santa Claus so chubby?

Because every Christmas eve, he eats plate after plate of cookies with glasses of milk left out by boys and girls the world over.

Every Christmas Eve, Santa has the seemingly insurmountable task to not only deliver children’s gifts worldwide—but to consume their cookies and milk, too, says Kuru Footwear.

All of Saint Nick’s hard work certainly deserves some refreshments, but just how many calories are we talking?

Kuru crunched the cookie calculations and found that since Santa visits a whopping 395,830,485 homes, he’ll consume 71.2 billion calories from milk and cookies on Christmas Eve.

Keep reading for a calorie breakdown, Santa’s holiday weight gain, and how far he’d have to tread to walk it all off. (Maybe that’s how he spends the other 364 nights of the year: walking!)

Kuru drilled down into what takes place across the globe in a single night.

> The history of the tradition is below.

> Also below, what children in other countries leave for Santa Claus.
 
 
THE CALORIE COUNT

🎅 After visiting upwards of 395 million homes, Santa consumes a staggering 71.2 billion calories on Christmas Eve alone.

More than half of those calories (40.4 billion) come from whole milk, and one cookie at each home adds another 30.9 billion calories.

🎄 If Santa were to gain weight from all those Christmas treats, he’d be looking at a potential gain of 20.4 million pounds. It seems the reindeer have some heavy lifting to do.

🍪 To burn off those festive calories, Santa would need to embark on an epic journey of 503 million miles. That’s the equivalent of walking around the Earth more than 20,000 times! That’s some New Year’s resolution.

What about the reindeer?

🦌 It’s not just Santa who gets a treat. Each of the nine reindeer could be chomping down on more than 44,000 carrots, totaling a whopping 2.3 billion calories.

Of course, they’ll work a lot of that off pulling the heavy sleigh all over the globe.
 
 
HOW DID THE TRADITION BEGIN?

We need to go all the way to ancient Norse mythology. Odin, the most important Norse god, had an eight-legged horse named Sleipner, which he rode with a raven perched on each shoulder.

During the holiday season, children would leave food for Sleipner, in the hopes that Odin would stop by and leave gifts in return.

This tradition continues today in Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands, where children still believe that horses, not reindeer, pull Santa’s sleigh.

On Christmas Eve, children leave carrots and hay—sometimes stuffed into shoes—to feed the exhausted horses. In return, Santa might leave such treats as chocolate coins, cocoa, mandarin oranges and marzipan.

In the U.S., leaving a plate of cookies and a glass of milk for Santa Claus is the Christmas Eve tradition.

Oreos and chocolate chip are popular choices.

According to one theory, the cookies-and-milk custom derives from an older tradition, when families would stuff stockings with goodies for Santa and hang them by the chimney as a welcoming gift. Now, however, the tradition is reversed: the stockings are chock-full of treats and smaller gifts for the family members themselves.

(Who ended up eating all of the goodies originally provided for Santa?)

Leaving cookies and milk for Santa—and thoughtfully, a few carrots for his reindeer—emerged as an American holiday tradition in the 1930s, during the Great Depression, a time of great economic hardship*.

Many parents tried to teach their children that it was important to give to others and to show gratitude for the gifts they were lucky enough to receive on Christmas.

Some 80 years later, many children still set out cookies and milk for Santa, whether out of the goodness of their hearts or as a bribe to receive more gifts Santa.

Countries across the globe have their own versions of the popular Christmas tradition. If you could create one especially for your family, what would it be?
 
 
TRADITIONS ACROSS THE GLOBE

Over the years, different countries have developed their own versions of the cookies-and-milk tradition. According to History:

There are fruitcakes, some delicious, some unfortunate. They are a classic but polarizing holiday dessert. And then, there are fruitcake cookies, irresistible finger food that will remain popular far beyond the holidays.

Sun-Maid, seller of popular dried fruits that go into fruitcakes (and many other recipes) during the holiday season—has formally announced an amicable break up with fruitcake.

At some point, it’s time to move on, says Sun-Maid. So they enlisted top pastry chef Duff Goldman to think outside the cake pan. The recipe for his creation, Forget Fruitcake cookies, is below, using several of Sun-Maid’s dried fruits.

Most of us have been eating Sun-Maid since childhood, starting with raisins. Today the line is very nicely expanded to include these dried fruits:

 
The brand also offers Fruity Raisin Snacks and Yogurt-Covered Raisins.
 
 
BEYOND BAKING

We love to snack on the dried fruits, toss them onto or into pound cakes, ice cream and sorbet, and make a trail mix of assorted dried fruits and nuts.

We also rehydrate the fruits into a kind of fruit relish. We combine the rehydrated Mediterranean Apricots, Dried Mixed Berries, Chopped Dates, Dried Mango, and Mixed Jumbo Raisins with a splash of Grand Marnier or white wine. (You need to chop the apricots and the mango.)

Now, onto “Forget Fruitcake.”
 
 
GOOD-BYE FRUITCAKE, HELLO FRUITCAKE COOKIES

Duff Goldman created his “Forget Fruitcake” cookies. which are three-layer cookies filled with jam and iced with chocolate (photo #1), in the manner of Italian Rainbow Cookies (photo #2).

These kits are designed to comfort you, no matter what or who you’re breaking up with this holiday season and will include Duff Goldman’s very own “Forget Fruitcake” cookie recipe, inspiring culinary creativity amidst this devastating split.

We baked them on Friday and by Saturday they were all gone. Next steps: Bake a double bath and freeze what you don’t use.
 
 
RECIPE: DUFF GOLDMAN’S “FORGET FRUITCAKE” COOKIES

Prep time is 2 hours including baking time.
 
Ingredients For 30-40 Pieces

 
________________
 
*You can purchase violet food color or can mix your own with 2 drops of red to 20 drops of blue.

 
Preparation

1. CHOP each pairing of dried fruit and place in individual bowls. Add ½ cup of boiling water to each bowl to soak and cook the dried fruits in individual batches. Cover and set aside.

2. HEAT the oven to 350°F. Line 3 quarter-sheet pans (13″ x 9″) with parchment. Overlap the parchment at opposite ends of the pan to create parchment “handles” to lift out the baked layers. Spray the parchment with cooking spray and set them aside.

3. CREAM the almond paste, butter, sugar, egg yolks, almond extract, orange zest, lemon zest, salt and spices. Beat with the paddle attachment of a stand mixer until light and fluffy.

4. ADD the flour in stages, scraping the bowl between each addition. Transfer the batter into three separate medium-sized bowls.

5. DRAIN the fruits, mash them thoroughly, and add each to one medium bowl of cake batter. Add a couple drops of food coloring to enhance the colors of each batch.

6. WHIP the egg whites until stiff peaks form. Fold ⅓ of the egg whites into each bowl.

7. SPREAD each batter onto a different prepared sheet pan and bake for about 11 minutes, rotating the pans halfway through. Cool on a wire rack. Once cooled, lift the layers from the pans using the parchment handles.

8. SPREAD the jam on the yellow and red layers. Stack the cakes (starting with yellow on the bottom, then red, then violet) on a piece of parchment on the back of a sheet pan. Place another sheet of parchment on top and then another sheet pan. Lean on the top sheet pan and gently press down the cakes.

At this point you can cover the cake with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 4 hours, or overnight.

9. SLICE the cake stacks in long straight lines 1½-inches wide. Then cut the cake strips into 1½-inch squares.

10. SCALD the cream and add it to the chocolate to create a ganache. Cover and let the chocolate melt, then whisk it thoroughly into the cream. Smooth the ganache over the top sides.

11. DECORATE each piece with blanched almonds and thinly sliced apricots. Refrigerate for 20 minutes and they’re ready to serve.
 
 
TIPS

You can save time by icing the stacked cakes before you cut them, then slice them after the ganache hardens. They will be like the rainbow cookies in photo #2, less chocolaty than Duff’s version. But you don’t spend time icing three sides—just the top.

Similarly, you can skip the double garnish on each piece, or just lay one garnish—an almond or an apricot slice—on top of each. We used both, alternating them so guests could take their pick.
 
 
BEVERAGE PAIRINGS WITH FRUITCAKE & FRUITCAKE COOKIES

We love a good cup of black tea with our fruitcake, or a spice tea like Constant Comment (which is also available in a decaffeinated version and a green tea version).

Port is the wine of choice, but other choices include:

 
 
A BRIEF HISTORY OF FRUITCAKE

The earliest known recipe for fruitcake dates to ancient Rome, using pine nuts, pomegranate seeds, and raisins. By the Middle Ages, honey, preserved fruits, and spices had been added and the cake was enjoyed throughout Europe. Recipes varied widely by region.

In the 16th century, sugar from the Caribbean—and the discovery that sugar could be used to preserve fruits—made fruitcakes more affordable and popular. Everything was delicious for a few centuries.

But the mass production of prepared foods that followed World War II led to low-priced and not great-tasting fruitcakes. Following tradition, people gave them as Christmas gifts, but few recipients enjoyed eating them. Many of them re-gifted their fruitcakes; thus the joke from comedian Johnny Carson, that there was only one fruitcake in the world and it got passed from person to person.

Bake yourself a really good fruitcake and see why it deserves its place among delicious Christmas foods.

[1] Forget fruitcake. Make these three-layer cookies instead (photos #1, #6, #7, and #8 © Sun-Maid).

[2] These popular Italian rainbow cookies may have been the inspiration for the “Forget Fruitcake” format. Here’s the recipe (photo © Taste Of Home).

[3] Almond paste provides a bit of marzipan flavor (photo © iGourmet).

[4] Almond extract pairs with the almond paste (photo © McCormick).

[5] The recipe uses both lemon and orange zests (photo © Sunkist).

[6] Golden raisins are made from dried Green Thompson Seedless grapes. Also called sultanas, the name comes from Turkish Sultana grape (Green Thompson Seedless are a variety of Sultana grape).

[7] Dried apricots go into this recipe, but we also love to dip them in chocolate fondue.

[8] Dried Mixed Berries provide the triple delights of dried blueberries, cherries, and cranberries.

[9] Chocolate melted with heavy cream creates the ganache icing (photo © Bella Baker).

[10] Heavy cream (photo © Organic Valley).

[1] A tin of smoked mussels is a tasty little stocking stuffer (photos #1 and #2 © Good Eggs).

[2] These mussels are sustainably harvested off the coast of Spain.

[3] Crostini with smoked mussels and diced tomato, red onion, celery root, and cilantro (photo © Rachel Claire | Pexels).

[4] Add some smokey protein to your pasta (photo © Max Nayman | Unsplash).

[5] Here’s what steamed mussels look like in the shell (photo © Mackenzie Ltd).

[ ] .

Here’s an offbeat but welcome stocking stuffer for your foodie friends: a tin of smoked mussels. We also give them as take-home dinner party favors. In addition to the uses below, you can have them with your eggs or on toast the next morning.

Mussels are a delicious source of protein, omega-3s, iron and vitamin B-12. They’re also high in B and C vitamins and concentrated in minerals like phosphorous, selenium, and zinc, and rich in folate, high in omega 3 fatty acids, and a good source of essential amino acids.

They’re also around 100 calories for 3 ounces. What’s not to love about these cute crustaceans?

As an environmental bonus, mussels are filter feeders like clams, oysters, and scallops. They improve both water quality and aquatic ecosystems. They’re a tasty model of restorative ocean farming [source].

Check out your specialty food store or online market for tins or jars packed in olive oil and/or mussel broth.
 
 
HOW TO USE SMOKED MUSSELS

Smoked mussels are versatile and can be enjoyed in appetizers, salads, pasta dishes, and even to garnish other seafood (e.g., add one or two atop a piece of grilled fish).

The smoky profile adds depth and complexity to a wide range of dishes. Here are some delicious ways to enjoy them:
 
Appetizers

 
Sandwiches, Soups & Salads

 
Mains

 
Experiment with these ideas and get creative by incorporating smoked mussels into your favorite recipes for a unique and delicious twist.

Our most recent experiment (a good one!): savory baked pastry cup appetizer bites filled with unsweetened custard and a smoked mussel.
 
 
HOW ARE SMOKED MUSSELS MADE

Smoked mussels begin their journey by cooking (steaming or boiling) the mussels.

They are then exposed to smoke. The best brands smoke them over wood chips, but there are other smoking agents.

This is done a specialized smoker, which infuses the mussels with their distinctive smoky flavor.

They are then jarred or tinned, often in olive oil (the best brands use EVOO), and sometimes with broth from the cooking process.

No preservatives or additives are used.

The final result is ready to eat, and shelf-stable (no refrigeration necessary) until opened.

Lane cake a Southern specialty, is a rich, boozy cake often served for birthdays, wedding anniversaries, and other special occasions. It is the official state cake of Alabama, home of its inventor, Emma Rylander Lane.

“I just love this southern-style dessert, and so do dinner guests, says Mabel Parvi of Ridgefield, Washington, who shares her recipe below. “With pecans, cherries and raisins in the filling and topping, this version reminds me of a fruitcake—only so much better!”

We agree with Mabel: This is fun fusion food. It has the candied and dried fruits of a fruitcake, in the form of a frosted layer cake.

Many variations occurred over the years. More recipe variations are shown in the photos.

> Mabel Parvi’s Lane Cake recipe is below (photo #1).

> The history of cake.

> The different types of cake: a photo glossary.
 
 
THE HISTORY OF LANE CAKE

The original Lane Cake recipe was a four-layer white sponge layered cake filled with a mixture of the egg yolks, butter, sugar, raisins, and Bourbon or brandy. It was iced with a boiled white icing Here’s the original recipe, and it looked something like photo #4.

The cake was created before the turn of the 20th century by Emma Rylander Lane (1856-1904), a native and long-time resident of Americus, Georgia. But Georgia has some claim: She developed the recipe while living in Clayton, Alabama, in the 1890s.

The recipe first appeared in her self-published cookbook, “Some Good Things to Eat (1898)” (here’s a reprint).

Mrs. Lane created a fusion of the spongy White Mountain cake and the whisky-drenched fruitcakes of the time. Here’s more about it.

Her recipe won first prize at the county fair in Columbus, Georgia, after which Ms. Lane called it the Prize Cake.

An acquaintance, Mrs. Jamie McDowell Pruett, of Eufala, Alabama, convinced her to rename the cake for herself, and so it became the Lane Cake [source]. It is also called the Southern Lane Cake and the Alabama Lane Cake.

This boozy cake was a go-to for “drinking your dessert.” The amount of Bourbon or brandy soaking the cake was in the hands of each individual cook.

In Jimmy Carter’s memoir “Christmas in Plains,” the president writes that his father would “make a couple of Lane cakes for Christmas. Since this cake recipe required a strong dose of bourbon, it was just for the adult relatives, doctors, nurses, and other friends who would be invited to our house for eggnog [source].”

Lane Cake is also mentioned in the Southern classic novel To Kill a Mockingbird; it stirs a rivalry between two of the neighborhood cake ladies*. It’s a moist white cake filled and frosted with a thick cooked whiskey-laced custard.

And to port the Lane Cake to our efficiency-focused culture: Pillsbury has a Lane Cake recipe made with a box of cake mix (one layer only, no booze).
 
 
LANE CAKE FOR CHRISTMAS

In our repertoire, the holidays are the time to make all the boozy sweets: Guinness Cake, Lady Baltimore Cake, rum balls, rum cake, and so many others—including Lane Cake.

The recipe below is particularly Christmas-forward because it adds candied cherries for a festive red highlight. If you don’t like candied cherries, substitute dried cherries. They’re not as bright-red, but we like the flavor even better.

Lane cake is often confused with the Lady Baltimore cake. While they are similar—both frosted, fruit-filled, liquor-laced layer cakes—here are the major differences:

 
For The Filling

 
Preparation

1. LINE the bottoms of 3 greased 9-in. round baking pans with parchment. Grease the parchment and set aside.

2. PLACE the egg whites in a large bowl and let stand at room temperature for 30 minutes.

3. CREAM the butter and sugar in another large bowl until light and fluffy, 5-7 minutes. Beat in the vanilla.

4. WHISK the flour, baking powder and salt in another bowl. Add it to the creamed butter mixture alternating with the milk, beating well after each addition.

5. BEAT the egg whites until stiff peaks form; fold them into the batter. Transfer the batter to the prepared pans.

[1] This version of a Lane Cake is a cross between a fruit cake and a frosted layer cake, with whipped cream frosting instead of the original 7-minute-type frosting. The recipe is below (photo © Taste Of Home).

[2] This version of Lane Cake has a meringue frosting infused with peach schnapps, and the batter includes dried peaches as well as coconut flakes and toasted pecans. Here’s the recipe (photo by Hector Sanchez © Southern Living).

[3] This three-layer Lane Cake has a coconut-pecan topping. It’s finished in the modern style of a stack cake: no frosting on the sides Here’s the recipe (photo © Epicurious).

[4] An approximation of the original Lane Cake from the Encyclopedia of Alabama. It is the official state cake of Alabama.

[5] This version from pulses the filling ingredients into a paste. Here’s the recipe (photo © America’s Test Kitchen).

[6] Each cook can style the cake with a signature look. Here’s the recipe for this version, which uses the filling to top a frosted cake (photo © Tori Avey).

[7] A Lady Baltimore Cake, similar too, but not exactly, a Lane Cake. Here’s the recipe (photo © Taste Of Home).

[8] Queen cakes—individual tea cakes that inspired the Lady Baltimore Cake. Here’s the recipe (photo © Women’s Weekly Food).

7. MAKE the filling. Combine the egg yolks and sugar in a large saucepan. Add the butter; cook and stir over medium-low heat until the sugar is dissolved and mixture thickens (do not boil).

8. REMOVE from the heat. Stir in the Bourbon, orange zest and salt. Fold in the raisins, coconut, pecans and cherries. Cool.

9. PLACE 1 cake layer on a serving plate; spread with a third of the filling. Repeat with the other layers. Frost the sides of the cake with whipped cream. Refrigerate until serving.

Note: Add your own touches to a Lane Cake. If you love toasted coconut, for example, use it on top of the frosting.
 
 
________________
 
*In her novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Alabama native Harper Lee’s character, Miss Maudie Atkinson, neighbor to the Finches, is known in the town of Maycomb for her Lane Cakes. She bakes a Lane Cake to welcome Aunt Alexandra when she comes to live with the Finch family. Noting the cake’s alcoholic kick, daughter Scout Finch remarks, “Miss Maudie baked a Lane cake so loaded with shinny it made me tight” (shinny is a slang term for moonshine) [source].

When Miss Maudie’s house is half-burned down, causing her to take refuge in the home of a rival Lane Cake maker, Stephanie Crawford, she keeps on baking. She specifically bakes a Lane Cake for old Mr. Avery, who was severely injured in an attempt to put out the fire.

“Soon as I can get my hands clean and when Stephanie Crawford’s not looking, I’ll make him a Lane cake. That Stephanie’s been after my recipe for thirty years, and if she thinks I’ll give it to her just because I’m staying with her she’s got another think coming” [source].

[1] Delicious salted cod with tomatoes, capers, olives, and red pepper flakes (photos #1, #2, #5, #8, and #9 © DeLallo).

[2] A box of salt cod, ready for soaking.

[3] Non-pareil capers are the smallest and most delicate in flavor (photos #3 and #6 © Good Eggs).

[4] Crushed red pepper flakes (photo © Savory Spice Shop).

[5] Crushed San Marzano tomatoes.

[6] Whole cherry tomatoes will burst in the oven, adding their juices to the sauce..

[7] Pitted Kalamata olives (photo Igor Dutina | Panther Media).

Baccala With Linguine[/caption]
[8] Baccalà In Tomato Sauce With Linguine Here’s the recipe.

[9] Soda Battered Baccalà With Sour Cream & Caper Sauce.

If you’re not Italian-American, you may not know the tradition of the Feast Of The Seven Fishes.

But there’s no time like Christmas Eve to begin the tradition: a dinner consisting of seven seafood dishes. (Some ambitious families go for eight, nine or more dishes).

> We’re starting you off with a heritage salt cod recipe, below.

> Also below, instead of Italian fare you can serve an all-American seafood menu.

> After you’ve gotten the hang of salted cod, here are more recipes.
 
 
THE HISTORY OF THE FEAST OF THE SEVEN FISHES

The Feast of the Seven Fishes (in Italian, Festa Dei Sette Pesci) is an Italian-American celebration on Christmas Eve: a feast with dishes of fish and other seafood.

In Southern Italian tradition, Christmas Eve is a vigil or fasting day that is known as La Vigilia (The Vigil). An all-seafood meal reflects the observance of abstinence from meat until the feast of Christmas Day.

The celebration commemorates the wait, the Vigilia di Natale, for the midnight birth of the baby Jesus [source].

The long-standing practice of eating seafood on Christmas Eve dates from the Roman Catholic tradition of abstaining from eating meat on Fridays and specific holy days, including the eve of a feast day (e.g., Christmas).

It dates to medieval times. Since no meat or animal fat could be used on abstinance days, observant Catholics ate fish, typically fried in oil.

Among Italian-Americans, the Christmas Eve observation turned into a grand dinner with seven or more traditional Italian fish dishes.

It’s definitely an American custom: The name “seven fishes” and the presentation of seven dishes as both a concept and a name is unknown in Italy.

However, the fare comprises traditional dishes from the old country: baccalà (salted cod fish), calamari, and fried fish and seafood (oysters, scallops, shrimp, smelts).

There is no historical agreement as to the origin of the number seven. It may come from the seven Sacraments of the Catholic Church. We may have to wait for the next Dan Brown novel to uncover the mystery.
 
 
HOW YOU CAN CELEBRATE OF THE FEAST OF THE SEVEN FISHES

It you’d like to try creating your own seven fish dishes on Christmas Eve, you don’t have to adhere to Italian specialties or make a full dinner out of it. See our suggestions below.

You can even do it as a potluck, or as an appetizer plate with, for example, calamari salad, cocktail shrimp, crab cakes, crab dip with crudités, tuna-olive tapenade, seafood paté and smoked salmon or gravlax.

Have we convinced you yet to make the Feast Of The Seven Fishes a holiday tradition in your home?

Below is a classic recipe to get you started, featuring baccalà (salted cod), a traditional Italian ingredient [photo #2].

The salted cod is sautéed with crushed tomatoes, capers, olives, and lemon juice before roasting it in the oven with whole tomatoes until the tomatoes start to burst.
 
 
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SALTED COD

Says Italian food specialist DeLallo, who provided us with the following recipe:

“Baccalà comes mostly from the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland, where it’s fished, salted [to preserve it] and exported all over the world.

[While] dried and salted fish doesn’t sound like something to get too excited about…if you ask an Italian about [it] you’ll see their eyes light up.

“Salt-dried cod has been used in Mediterranean recipes for thousands of years and it has become a Christmas Eve favorite for many traditional Italian families.

“Salt-dried cod is delicious when prepared correctly. It’s slightly firm and mild in flavor, and it pairs well with acidic flavors, such as tomatoes, marinated artichokes, and capers.”
 
 
RECIPE: SALTED COD WITH TOMATOES, CAPERS, & OLIVES

Preparation includes soaking the cod for three days in advance of cooking, to remove the salt. Here’s how.

Soaking time is 3 days, prep time is 10-15 minutes, cook time is 50 minutes.
 
Ingredients

 
Preparation

1. PREPARE and soak the baccalà at least 3 days prior cooking. Here’s how to do it.

2. HEAT the oven to 375°F.

3. HEAT 3 tablespoons of olive oil over medium heat in a cast iron or oven-safe skillet, until hot but not smoking. Add the onion and sauté until golden, 3 to 4 minutes.

4. ADD the red pepper flakes, capers, San Marzano tomatoes and salt. Bring to a boil and simmer for 20 minutes.

5. ADD the cod, olives, cherry tomatoes, juice from lemon halves and the lemon. Transfer to the oven and roast until fish becomes brown and tomatoes start to blister, about 20 to 25 minutes.

6. REMOVE from the oven and serve.
 
 
ALL-AMERICAN GOURMET SEVEN FISHES MENU

For a gourmet Feast Of The Seven Fishes, consider this seven-course dinner:

 
Last year, as a starter with cocktails we served salmon, tuna, and eel sushi rolls from our neighborhood sushi bar.
 
 
MORE RECIPES WITH SALTED COD (BACCALÀ)

 
 
________________
 
*Non-pareil is a French term meaning “has no equal.” Non-pareil capers are the smallest caper buds, measuring under 7mm. They are considered the most delicate with a tighter, firmer texture, and the most elegant in appearance.

**You can repurpose the liquid in a vinaigrette.
 
†Each caper type is determined by when the caper is picked. Nonpareils are the most popular and only grow to 7 millimeters. Surfines grow between 7 to 9 millimeters, Capucines grow 9 to 11 millimeters, Capotes grow 9 to 11 millimeters, Fine grow 11 to 14 millimeters, and Grusas grow anything over 14 millimeters [source]. While non-pareil capers are often advertised as the highest quality, the flavor profiles of various caper sizes are a matter of personal taste. Smaller buds have a more subdued flavor than those that are later in the blooming stage [source].

‡Roma tomatoes, also known as plum tomatoes, are oblong and have few seeds. Kumato tomatoes have a stronger, harder skin than a regular tomato that resists bruising. A hybrid variety, it ripens to a deep greenish brown.